Some people feel the bible has 100% everything there is to know about life. Anything left out of the bible has no authoritative say. So, since the big bang is not in the bible, it really depends on the individual christian to believe it. Nonetheless, the only reason I can think they are "compatible" is that the bible never mentions it. A kind of default based on nothing to compare the big bang to in regards to creation versus formation of the physical universe.
Genesis begins with God brooding over the deep. This imagery suggests an initial state of inertial nothingness. Then God says, "let there be light!" Science would call this zero point energy, that is hidden in space, becoming concentrated and manifest to define inertial reference.
Ironically, the Big Bang theory was invented by a Catholic priest.
A Belgian priest named Georges Lemaître first suggested the big bang theory in the 1920s, when he theorized that the universe began from a single primordial atom.
Georges Lemaître was a priest who tried to build a bridge between religion and science. This was interrupted by WWI, where he became an artillery officer. After the war, he would move to America and would go on to get a PhD from MIT in Physics.
When it comes to the formation and evolution of the universe and life, science has two conceptual problems. The first problem is, the big bang theory, like evolutionary theory, does not tell us how the original singularity appears; primordial atom or first cell, so the rest of the theory follows from this building process.
The formation process behind the singularity should have an impact on what would come next. Without knowledge of this earlier beginning, we leave something important out. The analogy is describing a person, whom we just met ,without knowing anything of their childhood or their past. This unknown beginning could have shaped the rest of their life. If we do not know it, we may draw the right conclusions, based on the limited data available, but not the correct conclusion, based on all possible data including the beginning. In this stranger analogy, if we do not know the past we may contribute behavior to genetics, when in reality, it may have been based on early conditioning. We need two points to draw the correct line. One starting point does not allow us to know the vector of the line.
In the case of Creation and Evolution, science makes use of a God of dice approach, to create occurrences; singularity and first cell, so the theory can appear to have a solid starting place. This is magic, if we do not also have logic behind the dice. Religion uses an omniscience God with rational skills, who can engineer a primordial atom or first cell, using things already available in the void. Neither can be proven, but I like the rational engineering approach better, since this is how applied science works. Engineers do not build bridges or space ships by creating a random foundation with dice. They do not dump all the building materials in her river and expect a bridge to appear after thousands of tries. Engineers will make use of proven science and available material, and then reason new ways to organize it; brooding over the deep. Creation teaches us not to depend on the whims of the gods; dice, but to have a rational plan; applied science.
The second problem for cosmology is connected to the second law of thermodynamics. This law states that the entropy of the universe has to increase. Since entropy will absorb energy when it increases, and since entropy has to forever increase, this implies energy is being made unusable to the universe. The second law implies that a pool of dead energy is accumulating. This is energy is conserved ; energy conservation, but it is not reusable by the universe, since it is tied up in ever increasing entropy. This is left out of the current big bang theory. It implies the inertial universe is shrinking in terms of its energy budget. There are not many laws of science and if you break any of these laws, any theory should be made void.
Ironically, concepts like heaven and hell would be consistent with dead pool energy. Dead pool energy is conserved, but in a way that is not fully reusable by the inertial universe. However, it should have properties that could be defined by science, but these properties would be limited to what goes on in the dead pool.
Since dead pool energy is derived from entropy, and entropy is a state variable, meaning each state of matter has a given amount of measurable entropy, conservation of dead pool energy would imply lingering memories of previous states. It is like the past is recorded by the universe and lingers based on energy conservation. We can infer this through time delayed energy signals from the past, that represent matter states that once were.
For example, galaxies can be a hundred million light year in size and appear to be coordinated. This makes no sense, since the speed of light is too slow, at that scale to use gravity to connect all things in real time. The million year time delays should lead to chaos. One explanation is dead pool energy has memories of earlier states which set the trajectory for the present and future. Our DNA has memories from the past that apply to today, but these cannot fully recreate the past, since the energy of the past was higher, than now. Cosmology appears to overlap dead pool and real time energy, instead of keep these separate. The bible says these are different realms with limited overlap.
