The only natural thermonuclear fusion I know of, is located in galactic centers from where strong gamma rays beams out of the galactic poles as a cause of this central electromagnetic fusion which creates stars etc.
This is silly, Native.
If you don’t understand what a star do and how star work, then how can you ever expect to know and understand what a galaxy is and how galaxy work?
Clearly you don’t know how stars produce light, heat and other radiations, that come through the stars’ process of nuclear fusion.
So I will just focus on the following illustrations on nuclear fusion:
- I will not include the formation of new stars, nor will I focus talk of the stars’ final stages in the life cycle (eg so no red giants, white dwarfs, supernovae, neutron stars and blackholes).
- I will only focus on main sequence stars; in fact I will only on one typical main sequence star - our Sun, since it has been the most observed star because of close proximity to us.
The main sequence stars or dwarf stars, spent the large part of its life, fusing hydrogen atoms into helium, most of this occurring at the stars’ cores. This process of nuclear fusion is known as Stellar Nucleosynthesis.
There are several different types of Nucleosynthesis involving stars, as well as Supernova Nucleosynthesis.
Basically, Nucleosynthesis is forming heavier elements from lighter elements.
But let’s just focus on the Sun for now.
The type of Nucleosynthesis that currently occurring at the Sun’s core is known as “proton-proton chain reaction”, where the core fused hydrogen atoms into helium.
So if you really want to understand what I said so far, look up Stellar Nucleosynthesis and proton-proton chain reaction.
Now, if you remember your high school chemistry and the periodic table, a single hydrogen nucleus has only one proton, but no neutron. While a helium nucleus has 2 protons and 2 neutrons.
Since we are talking about nuclear fusion and nucleosynthesis, there are no needs to bring in electrons.
The Sun composed mostly of hydrogen, as well as lesser of helium, and as a Population I star (current and youngest generation of stars) it has some trace elements of heavier atoms (eg carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, iron, etc). Second generation (Population II) stars have less heavier elements, and first generation of stars (Population III) have none.
These heavier elements (all elements heavier than helium) are called “metals”, should not be confused with metals on Earth. These elements come from debris of past stars that have gone “supernova”, produced by Supernova Nucleosynthesis.
For nuclear fusion to occur, it needs the right amount of heat and pressures, and the Sun’s core is hotter than outer layers (Radiative Zone and Convective Zone) and surface (Photosphere).
As I have been saying fusion of hydrogen atoms into helium occurred at the Sun’s core and the core consisted of mainly hydrogen, and the total number of hydrogen required to produce one helium atom is 6 hydrogen atoms.
And the proton-proton chain reaction (Nucleosynthesis) takes 3 stages.
To better illustrate my point, here is a diagram from Wikipedia article on
The first stage occurred when each set (2 sets of 4 hydrogen atoms, right with 2 hydrogen and left with 2 hydrogen) has fused 2 hydrogen atoms together into hydrogen with one proton and one neutron (2H). The neutron is produced when it release a positron. The fusion also caused neutrinos to decouple from both set.
The 2nd stage occurred when a 3rd hydrogen with 2H, so that helium is produced with now 2 protons and 1 neutron, hence 3He, and gamma radiation emitted from this 2nd fusion.
Now you know that stable helium normally have 2 protons and 2 neutrons, but the 2nd stage has only one neutron.
So the 3rd and final stage of nuclear fusion, when the 2 sets of 3He fused together.
What happened here, is that the left 3He and right 3He, will caused 1 proton (1H, hence hydrogen) from each 3He will get knock out, leaving you a single helium (4He) of 2 protons and 2 neutrons.
These 3 stages of fusions produce enormous amounts of energy, hence radiation.
That is called a proton-proton chain reaction of Stellar Nucleosynthesis.
Perhaps my explanation may confuse you, soeither pick up astronomy textbook that will explain Stellar Nucleosynthesis to you, or looked it up at Wikipedia, since it’s free.
So that you saying the nuclear fusion only occurring at the galactic centre is wrong.
There is another type of Stellar Nucleosynthesis involving stars more massive than our Sun (more than 1.3 of the Sun’s mass), that produced carbon, oxygen or nitrogen through nuclear fusion, known as CNO Cycle. This a lot harder to explain, so I am not going to try, except to say it use both 1H and 4He to fuse into heavier elements.
Nucleosynthesis can also occur when the sun run out of hydrogen atoms to fuse, when the sun turn from main sequence star into red giant. But that another story I won’t get into.
My point is that different Nucleosynthesis can occur with different types of stars, or at stage of any star’s lifecycle.
The bottom line is this, Native. Nuclear fusion occurred because of strong nuclear force and weak nuclear force, not EM force. EM force have little to do with any star’s core. Yes, gamma radiation is release at the 2nd stage, but it has no bearing on fusing lighter atoms heavier ones.
Does any of that make sense to you?
Ed:
And btw, as far as I know, there is no such thing as “electromagnetic fusion”.
You can turn electricity into various other electromagnetic radiations, such as light, infrared, ultraviolet, microwave, X-ray, radio waves, by shortening or lengthening the wavelength with some devices, but none of the conversions involved “fusion”.
You are sounding more uneducated in physics than ever before.
Seriously, “electromagnetic fusion”???!!!
And I assume I´m getting the same kind of respons here as if posting to a peer review audience.
