nPeace
Veteran Member
@IndigoChild5559 I haven't forgotten you.
I will try to respond this weekend.
I will try to respond this weekend.
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I don't know what you mean by few. Whether the vast majority of neutral in comparison to the harmful, are great, is irrelevant.
The article did not say neutral or beneficial, implying vast majority being neutral with little beneficial.
The article did not say neutral or harmful, implying vast majority being neutral with little harmful.
Circumstances differ.
It specifically said the vast majority are either neutral or harmful.
That does not mean equal parts, but it is stating this in contrast to beneficial mutations. (This from the context)
The point nonetheless is that this is a contradiction... The vast majority of mutations are neutral. Only a small minority are beneficial or harmful.
If I were the one saying it, I would be on the hammering end of your "fist", wouldn't I?
No worries, we know how it is.
Though circumstances vary, it is said...
This means that there are 10 million fatal point mutations and only 100 or 200 beneficial ones, for a ratio of about 50,000 to 100,000 fatal mutations for every beneficial one.
So for a typical set of 200 mutations, 190 will be neutral, 5 will be fatal, 4 will be harmful but not fatal, and 1 will be beneficial. Of course, if the figures are different, our calculations can be modified accordingly. If anyone has better estimates, I would appreciate learning about them. One evolutionary source said that these ratios are unknown and variable. If this is so, when more information is gained, better calculations can be done. Another evolutionary source gave figures much as I have given them. Sir Julian Huxley estimated that perhaps less than one-tenth of one percent of all mutations could be advantageous to an organism. It is interesting that over 1000 mutations of the fruit fly have been studied and all are visible and none are beneficial. (A few are slightly beneficial under artificial conditions, but all appear to be disadvantageous in nature.) Since it is known that most visible mutations are fatal, this implies a ratio of fatal to beneficial mutations of at least 500 to 1, much more severe than I am using.
No. I don't think that is it.
A case in point...
ImmortalFlame
Okay then. Do you have any examples of a complex organ which could not possibly has formed by numerous, successive, slight modifications?
nPeace
Can you describe how the cell formed, please?
ImmortalFlame
Why can't you answer the question?
nPeace
Well I think I did.
Did you not ask, "Do you have any examples of a complex organ which could not possibly has formed by numerous, successive, slight modifications?"
So it seem obvious to me that if I ask you if you can describe how the cell formed, my answer must be... the cell has not been demonstrated to have "formed by numerous, successive, slight modifications".
So can you answer my question, please?
ImmortalFlame
Asking a question is not answering a question. I'm asking YOU for something DEMONSTRATED TO HAVE NOT been produced by successive, slight modifications. Can you do that?
I though that was classic.
I think the problem lies in the fact that there are too many teachers on RF, interested only in teaching others - the "uneducated", and so they try to treat others like children. "ANSWER ME."
If we don't understand what someone is saying, we ask, and try to understand, not try to maneuver into a position where we become the sole questioner, while avoiding answering (the teacher's role).
This is a debate forum.
That doesn't mean the majority of mutations are harmful, or even a significant amount. It just means the combined number of neutral and harmful mutations form the majority of mutations.Well this article needs to change, if you are right.
...the vast majority of mutations are either neutral or harmful.
Because I genuinely have no idea what you're asking me and why you're presenting sources which don't seem to contradict what I've written.Why do you always switch my questions to one of your questions?
I have seen this numerous times with you.
With due respect, that question was a direct response to you quoting Darwin, when he said evolution would be proven wrong if it could be demonstrated that there was an organ that couldn't have arisen through gradual, successive changes. I asked you to provide an example of such an organ, and you asked me how the first cell formed - which is not an answer to the question, nor is it related to the question.No. I don't think that is it.
A case in point...
ImmortalFlame
Okay then. Do you have any examples of a complex organ which could not possibly has formed by numerous, successive, slight modifications?
nPeace
Can you describe how the cell formed, please?
ImmortalFlame
Why can't you answer the question?
nPeace
Well I think I did.
Did you not ask, "Do you have any examples of a complex organ which could not possibly has formed by numerous, successive, slight modifications?"
So it seem obvious to me that if I ask you if you can describe how the cell formed, my answer must be... the cell has not been demonstrated to have "formed by numerous, successive, slight modifications".
So can you answer my question, please?
ImmortalFlame
Asking a question is not answering a question. I'm asking YOU for something DEMONSTRATED TO HAVE NOT been produced by successive, slight modifications. Can you do that?
I though that was classic.
I think the problem lies in the fact that there are too many teachers on RF, interested only in teaching others - the "uneducated", and so they try to treat others like children. "ANSWER ME."
If we don't understand what someone is saying, we ask, and try to understand, not try to maneuver into a position where we become the sole questioner, while avoiding answering (the teacher's role).
This is a debate forum.
It says it right there.Then what is it the knowledge of?
So which Jews are you speaking for... keeping in mind that all Jews of a particular sect don't necessarily agree on the same things?Whenever I say that Jews believe something, I'm referring to a common belief among religious Jews. For example, Jews accept the Talmud, or Jews keep the Shabbat. It don't mean absolutely all religious Jews -- there are exceptions. And it doesn't include non-religious Jews. It will also mean there are variations in what it precisely means. For example, an Orthodox Jew will keep the Shabbat in a very strict way and a Reform Jew will keep the Shabbat in a very lenient way.
Whoa. Let's slow down first of all, so that I am sure I am not writing for nothing.No, seriously, I'm not wanting to give you busywork. You have esoteric understandings, and I'm finding it difficult to get a hold of where you are coming from. I have really no idea what YOU mean when you say you are a follower of Jesus, since you say you are not a Christian and don't accept the standard understandings. You see I know what the standard interpretations are, but I don't know what YOUR interpretations are. So I have asked you for them. You don't have to write me a book. Just give me a list of maybe the 10 most important things.
Who said these words. Was it not John, who reported other things about Jesus.Jesus was talking to the rich man, who was a Jew. He told him that in order to gain eternal life he was to observe the commandments. For that Jew, that meant 613 of them, including circumcision. That Jew was bound by a covenant with God. These are the people to whom Jesus preached.
It was Paul and the apostles who determined that Gentiles did not need to become Jews. (Jewish law also says that Gentiles need not become Jews, but only need to be ethical monotheists.) But Jesus nowhere deals with the question of Gentiles. He only gives one answer, and it is the answer above -- obey the 613 commandments that God gave the Jews.
What Paul and the apostles said??? That's not the question. The question was what did Jesus say.
And how many beneficial mutations are required for evolution to be possible?
Really? Maybe tell that to the fruit flies - an extensive study, by the way.The harmful mutations die out. The neutral mutations stay around. The beneficial one, however rare, lead to new possibilities.
Example? A rabbit producing rabbits? Still a rabbit.As long as the population continues to survive, the few beneficial mutations that arise can be preserved and increase survivability.
If you don't see it, and I haven't just pointed it out, then nothing I write will make a difference.Where is the contradiction?
Well true, the cell is not an organ. That was an error on my part. However, the user I was addressing made no complaint, so that's irrelevant to the point being made.1. Do you realize that a cell is not an organ? You were asked for an organ that cannot be formed by numerous successive slight modifications. Your question about the formation of a cell did not answer that question.
Well, yes, it is classic. You were asked for an example of a phenomenon. Your proposed an example of a completely different situation and failed to show any connection to the original question.
Plus, in the case of a cell, you failed to show it cannot be formed by numerous successive slight modifications from previous cells.
We are talking about evolution, NOT abiogenesis. So, we already have living cells. The question you were asked has to do with complex *organs*, which are collections of tissues, which are in turn collections of cells.
So, yes, it is classic because it shows how little of this material you really understand. A confusion between and organ and a cell is a HUGE confusion.
That's exactly what I said!!! It discourages me when I write something to you and you don't read it. I then replied what Jews consider the Kingdom is and what Jesus probably considered the Kingdom to be. Do you remember that at all?It says it right there.
Matthew 13:11 He replied, "The knowledge of the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven has been given to you, but not to them.
Sorry. I assumed you had read it.
As I explained (again you did not read] I was referring to what most religious Jews believe, and that includes all denominations.So which Jews are you speaking for... keeping in mind that all Jews of a particular sect don't necessarily agree on the same things?
More than once you have made the comment that most of those who are Christian do NOT follow the teachings of Christ, while you do. IOW you do not identify with the group that calls itself Chrisitan (since they do not follow the teachings of Christ as you do, or at least not in the same way).Why do you say I have esoteric understandings?
Where and when did I say I am not a Christian?
Jesus is referring to the last days, when those of many nations will grasp the hem of the Jew and say "Take us with you, for we have heard that God is with you." Jesus believed that the last days were imminent and that he was the messiah. But he was wrong. He simply didn't fulfill the necessary prophecies.Jesus said, not to a Jew, but a Samaritan, "Nevertheless, the hour is coming, and it is now, when the true worshippers will worship the Father with spirit and truth, for indeed, the Father is looking for ones like these to worship him. God is a Spirit, and those worshipping him must worship with spirit and truth."
He is quoting from the Torah. Rabbis teach that these two are the heart of the Law. Jesus was not being original.What did Jesus mean, when he said, "You must love Jehovah your God with your whole heart and with your whole soul and with your whole mind.’ This is the greatest and first commandment. The second, like it, is this: ‘You must love your neighbor as yourself.’ On these two commandments the whole Law hangs, and the Prophets." in response to the question, "Teacher, which is the greatest commandment in the Law?" Matthew 22:38-40
Funny that your two best translations (NIV, NASB) say, that the law and prophets were PROCLAIMED until John. Do you honestly believe that the prophets were no longer good? Then why would you think that the Torah was no longer in effect?(Luke 16:16) “The Law and the Prophets were until John. From then on, the Kingdom of God is being declared as good news, and every sort of person is pressing forward toward it.
John said them, not Jesus. And btw, it was God who gave the law, not Moses. Moses was the go between.Who said these words. Was it not John, who reported other things about Jesus.
(John 1:17) Because the Law was given through Moses, the undeserved kindness and the truth came to be through Jesus Christ.
Jesus. So?(John 18:37, 38) For this I have been born, and for this I have come into the world, that I should bear witness to the truth. Everyone who is on the side of the truth listens to my voice.”
(John 14:6) Jesus said to him: “I am the way and the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me.
(John 8:31, 32) Then Jesus went on to say to the Jews who had believed him: “If you remain in my word, you are really my disciples, and you will know the truth, and the truth will set you free.”
What about Peter? Peter wasn't Jesus.What about Peter?
This is what I was referring to, when I said...
A person who hears Christ, but does not follow him - stick around long enough, that is. Can they be considered a follower of Christ? I think we agree, no.
There is nothing new about the law of love. As I noted for you earlier, loving others (as well as God) is the heart of the Torah, according to standard Rabbinical interpretation. Jesus was not saying anything unique.Christ's followers were to be guided by love - as learned from Christ.
No one said any of that. The article didn't say that either. That would be your opinion and interpretation.That doesn't mean the majority of mutations are harmful, or even a significant amount. It just means the combined number of neutral and harmful mutations form the majority of mutations.
I think if one wants to understand, they will simply ask me to explain, and I would try.Because I genuinely have no idea what you're asking me and why you're presenting sources which don't seem to contradict what I've written.
Really? I did twice.With due respect, that question was a direct response to you quoting Darwin, when he said evolution would be proven wrong if it could be demonstrated that there was an organ that couldn't have arisen through gradual, successive changes. I asked you to provide an example of such an organ, and you asked me how the first cell formed - which is not an answer to the question, nor is it related to the question.
You never really explained why you did that.
It seems to me, the article is clear. The vast majority are either neutral or harmful could never mean the combined number of neutral and harmful mutations form the majority of mutations. That's so obviously wrong.
Are you accusing me of not reading? Just so?That's exactly what I said!!! It discourages me when I write something to you and you don't read it. I then replied what Jews consider the Kingdom is and what Jesus probably considered the Kingdom to be. Do you remember that at all?
<sigh>As I explained (again you did not read] I was referring to what most religious Jews believe, and that includes all denominations.
...and you are accusing me of not reading...!More than once you have made the comment that most of those who are Christian do NOT follow the teachings of Christ, while you do. IOW you do not identify with the group that calls itself Chrisitan (since they do not follow the teachings of Christ as you do, or at least not in the same way).
Okaaaay then.Jesus is referring to the last days, when those of many nations will grasp the hem of the Jew and say "Take us with you, for we have heard that God is with you." Jesus believed that the last days were imminent and that he was the messiah. But he was wrong. He simply didn't fulfill the necessary prophecies.
He is quoting from the Torah. Rabbis teach that these two are the heart of the Law. Jesus was not being original.
Funny that your two best translations (NIV, NASB) say, that the law and prophets were PROCLAIMED until John. Do you honestly believe that the prophets were no longer good? Then why would you think that the Torah was no longer in effect?
John said them, not Jesus. And btw, it was God who gave the law, not Moses. Moses was the go between.
Jesus. So?
Peter was an instrument of Jesus. Therefore Jesus used Peter, as well as others - including Paul - to carry on the work Jesus initiated.What about Peter? Peter wasn't Jesus.
Please, read my post again. I'm not going to repeat. I don't know how you read it - if you took time or not.See it's remarks like these that have led me to think you are not a Christian. First, because you do not identify with the group that calls itself Chrisitan. Secondly, because you continually call yourself a "follower of Christ" rather than a Christian.
Yes there is. Where in the Mosaic law does it say one should sacrifice his life for his brother?There is nothing new about the law of love. As I noted for you earlier, loving others (as well as God) is the heart of the Torah, according to standard Rabbinical interpretation. Jesus was not saying anything unique.
It doesn't take being a psychic. It's more like being a teacher and realizing that the student didn't read the book. You either didn't read what I wrote, or you read it and your reading comprehension is incredibly low.Are you accusing me of not reading? Just so?
If you read something, and someone who don't even know that you read it, accused you of not reading it - as if they are God, or some sorcerer looking through a crystal ball, would that be discouraging to you?
Yes they are the same. They have to be. The secrets have to be revealed. If the secrets are so obscured that they are only known to an elite group, then what you have is Gnosticism, not Christianity. As you are aware, the Early Church fought tooth and nail against Gnosticism.Tell me. Are these two statements the same?
a) The knowledge of the secrets of the kingdom of heaven.
b) The knowledge of the kingdom of heaven.
If yes, please explain how they are the same.
Yes, it was long, and I was going by memory, and remembered only a part. My apologies.I explained the definition of Christian that identifies Jesus' first century followers, which differs from how Christian is defined today. If one follows the former, as opposed to the latter, that does not automatically translate to "they are not Christian". They are Christian, just not "Christian" as defined today.
I though I was clear in my explanation.
It was long, so maybe you missed the quotation marks, and other important details.
Fulfilling the law meant simply that he kept the law and taught others to do the same. This was standard for Rabbis.What did Jesus mean when he said he came to fulfill the law?
Jesus fulfilled the prophecies - every one of them was wrapped up in him.
So? It is true that the Torah doesn't mention any life after death, and eternal life is therefore not part of the promises of the covenant. However, the prophets do speak of the wicked not having a share in the world to come, that the righteous will walk upon their bones.So the truth Jesus taught was what the Jews were now obligated to keep, in order to gain salvation.
Peter and the other disciples often had difficulty understanding Jesus, did he not?Peter was an instrument of Jesus. Therefore Jesus used Peter, as well as others - including Paul - to carry on the work Jesus initiated.
Actually it says friend, not brother. But regardless, it doesn't apply to everyone.Yes there is. Where in the Mosaic law does it say one should sacrifice his life for his brother?
Question : Why did the article say the species are closely related? Is it not primarily by sequencing the genes. So isn't that circular?
Presupposition / presumption - All life share a common ancestor, therefore all life is related. The genome of various organisms would show various measures of similarities.
Findings - The genome of all organisms are similar, and vary in measure according to relation. Therefore all life is related, and originated from one universal common ancestor.
Question :
1. Is 90% of the genome of no account because it is "Dark Matter" to scientists?
2. If scientists are in such a huge gulf of darkness where the genome is concerned how much can they really claim to know about why similar genes exists in organisms, and how, why, and when switches are activated?
3. Can they really claim to have the answers to the origin of genes in DNA?
Circular - The genomes of all mammals are comparably similar. Therefore all animals shared a common ancestor millions of years ago.
Though we can say that it would take a miracle for mutations to occur, and create all benefits guided in one direction towards an almost perfect end result. That's where national selection becomes a magic wand.
I think the story that mutations, which are random - don't decide where to occur, when to occur, and how to occur - and national selection, producing the diverse organism in their amazing... I mean amazing abilities, is entirely based on wishful thinking, and fairy tale story telling, and not on observable evidence.
There are many different kinds of teacher. Some think they are right, when they are not, but they push their nose in the air and look down their noses at those they think they can teach. They do look pathetic.@nPeace
It doesn't take being a psychic. It's more like being a teacher and realizing that the student didn't read the book. You either didn't read what I wrote, or you read it and your reading comprehension is incredibly low.
Yes they are the same. They have to be. The secrets have to be revealed. If the secrets are so obscured that they are only known to an elite group, then what you have is Gnosticism, not Christianity. As you are aware, the Early Church fought tooth and nail against Gnosticism.
You read it,.. It's funny how people say things about others (You either didn't read what I wrote, or you read it and your reading comprehension is incredibly low), but fail to see that it seems to fit them best.Yes, it was long, and I was going by memory, and remembered only a part. My apologies.
After reading your post again (thank you for supplying the link) I have a different summary to offer.
It appears you are employing the "True Scotsman" fallacy (you can google that if you want." IOW you do claim to be a Christian, but you claim to be a true Christian, unlike all those false Christians who do not follow the teachings of Jesus.
What you don't realize you are doing is somehow redefining what Jesus taught, reinterpreting it. It's difficult for me to say how, since you are reluctant to give me a list of your exact beliefs on this matter which diverge from general Christianity, except for example the sharing of all goods in common. Mostly you sound the same, such as with your claim that the Mosaic law is past, replaced by the law of Jesus and the gospel. So I say you must be reinterpreting it because that is the only thing that would give your "I am a true Christian and they are not" claim any validity. But it could be you are completely imagining it.
Fulfilling the law means keeping it.Fulfilling the law meant simply that he kept the law and taught others to do the same. This was standard for Rabbis.
What does that have to do with what is the truth Jesus taught?So? It is true that the Torah doesn't mention any life after death, and eternal life is therefore not part of the promises of the covenant. However, the prophets do speak of the wicked not having a share in the world to come, that the righteous will walk upon their bones.
On occasion, So what... What does that have to do with their being instruments of Jesus?Peter and the other disciples often had difficulty understanding Jesus, did he not?
Jesus never commanded what?Actually it says friend, not brother. But regardless, it doesn't apply to everyone.
Jesus never commands it. He merely describes it.
I think you are missing the point. I'll explain later, but thanks for this response. I appreciate it.Firstly, remember that the theory of evolution was initially developed before genetics was discovered and many of the relationships had been deduced from other evidence.
Secondly, there are actually a number of features in the genome that we would expect from common ancestry (not just that they'd be rather similar) that we do in fact observe. Not least being the pseudo-genes of the type I indicated before. It's also not just the presence of pseudo-genes but we can also look at the exact mutations that disable them and use those to confirm relationships.
The article I linked before (Genesis and the Genome - pdf - it's not all that long, I suggest you read through it) explains how humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas have hundreds of mutated (non-functional) olfactory receptor genes (sense of smell), and that the shared disabling mutations can be used to independently confirm the evolutionary relationships between them that we had deduced from other evidence.
- The estimate of the percentage varies, but I don't know quite what you're asking. What's ""Dark Matter" to scientists" (other than dark matter)?
- They know what we have been able to confirm from the evidence. We know how many genes work via experiments and observations.
- Again, I'm not sure what you're asking. The origin of genes, as in the first life?
No, see above; and also all the other (non-genetic) lines of evidence.
Evolution doesn't have a destination or an intended result, so there was no guiding. Natural selection isn't a magic wand, it explains exactly why beneficial mutations spread and deleterious ones die out. It's startlingly simple and has huge explanatory power. The results from evolution are far from perfect.
This is simply not the case. There is plenty of evidence for evolution, rather than design, and what we've touched on here is only a tiny part of even the genetic evidence. Also recall that this is the conclusion of pretty much everybody who actually studies these things for a living and most of the tiny number of dissenters have an obvious religious vested interest.
If there was a designer, we would have to ask why it had gone to so much trouble to make everything look exactly like it had evolved. Why the pseudo-genes is just one of the huge problems for anybody suggesting design.
I'm sorry you feel I have patronized you. I have not meant to put myself over you or to indicate that I am your teacher. I have only meant to say that the instinct that I learned as a teacher I have generalized to life.A secret is something that is kept until revealed, and is usually revealed to a those considered worthy of hearing.
No, Jesus was not the only person to keep the Law. It is quite possibe, especially when you grow up with the Law, to keep it, as it is habitual. There are only 613 laws. Think of the fact that your State has thousands of laws that you keep every day without thinking about it. The Torah states that it is easy to keep the Law. Is the Torah wrong?Fulfilling the law means keeping it.
So Jesus came to keep the law? So was he the only one who kept the law?
It means Peter cannot be trusted to accurately represent the exact teachings of Jesus. Heck, the teachings of Peter changed over time. Which of his teachings at what time were the teachings of Jesus?On occasion, So what... What does that have to do with their being instruments of Jesus?
That you lay down your life for a friend. He merely described it as "the greatest love.Jesus never commanded what?
Again, nPeace, your tone dips to ridicule.No one said any of that. The article didn't say that either. That would be your opinion and interpretation.
It seems to me, the article is clear. The vast majority are either neutral or harmful could never mean the combined number of neutral and harmful mutations form the majority of mutations. That's so obviously wrong.
We have been to school, haven't we? When we use either or, we never combine as a total, they are separate.
Then please do.I think if one wants to understand, they will simply ask me to explain, and I would try.
No, you didn't. You have yet to present a single example of an organ which can be demonstrated to have not developed through successive alteration.Really? I did twice.
I think communication between us don't always seem to be smooth. I do try.