Personally I'm fine with changing the funding balance away from the local level. That is part of the problem, because rich (and let's be honest, mostly white) areas have well funded schools and poor (mostly minority) areas have terribly funded ones.
Yeah, it's a big problem. But let's not forget that rural schools (which are also predominantly white) also struggle with underfunded and under-resourced schools. Both urban and rural school communities have a problem with teacher retention and attracting well-qualified teachers. Also, both urban and rural schools account for 15% each of the total US population, with the suburbs making up 70%.
If we're going to continue funding schools predominantly at a local level, we must be serious about reducing income inequality: progressive tax structure,
We already have a progressive tax structure. Maybe the brackets need adjusted, but maybe the money also needs to be allocated better; almost none of the people making major decisions about our education system have any experience in it themselves whatsoever. Lawyers and businessmen don't understand how children learn or how the school systems work.
increasing the minimum wage,
Increasing minimum wage can also backfire horribly, as we're starting to see in retail and food service industries. What positions can be automated, will, and then we have far more people out of jobs than before.
tuition free college, and so on.
Tuition-free college won't work in America as long as 2/3 of all Americans continue to go to college. (Near) tuition-free university in Europe only works because only around 10-20% of the population goes to university; there are enough people not going to university to be able to reasonably foot the bill for the small percentage who do. We can talk about tuition-free college once we have a robust system of trade schools and apprenticeships, because let's face it: University was never designed to be a fit for everyone. It caters to very specific kinds of individual looking for very specific kinds of jobs, i.e. those which involve primarily theoretical fields of knowledge. The fact that American universities have grown to incorporate fields outside of those paradigms actually disadvantages the people who are best cut out for those lines of work. I can tell you, having both been a university student and an instructor, that there are tons of people out there who are just not cut out for university,
and that's okay. It doesn't mean they're stupid, it doesn't mean they can't be successful, it just means that they are smart and skilled in ways that are outside the scope of what universities are meant to prepare people for.
Case in point, I have friends who make 50-60k a year working as meat cutters in my local grocery store, in a state where the minimum wage is somewhere around $7-$8 per hour,
and they have 6 weeks' paid vacation per year because of their union contract. They never went to university a day in their lives and never had to pay back tens of thousands of dollars in debt. One of my friends is in his late 20's, has a wife and stepson, and owns his own house in a good city. I, on the other hand, with a bachelor's in education and most of the work completed for my master's, am currently 70k in the hole and will be making substantially less money as a teacher for the first 10 or so years of my employment than my friend who works in a freaking grocery store.
Whoever tells you that you need to go tens of thousands of dollars into debt for the sake of a piece of paper that doesn't even guarantee you'll get a job in the field you went to school for in order to be considered a success in life is either a liar or brainwashed. We need to restore the respect of trade jobs that make easily as much as many positions that require a university degree, and we need to stop thinking that kids who choose not to put themselves into crippling debt are somehow not smart enough and not good enough.
This is not an area I know nearly enough about, but I'm not sure Common Core is robust/comprehensive enough, and was just implemented a few years ago. Schools also have to have the resources to teach up to those standards, as you mentioned.
The standards are plenty robust, and for the most part common sense.
Home | Common Core State Standards Initiative All it is is a list of things students should be able to do and know in each core subject area by the end of any given grade level. The great thing about Common Core is that the implementation of how one gets their students to achieving these learning standards is left up to each individual state, district, and even up to each individual teacher. This means that each teacher is free to differentiate their instruction to each class and each student in order to get the most optimal results. If the traditional way of representing addition with multi-digit numbers doesn't work for a particular student, the teacher isn't beholden to teaching just that way of adding; they can find or create resources that approach it in a different way that might work better for that particular student. Common Core just tells you
what to teach; it doesn't tell you
how to teach, which is amazing. It means I can always resort to the methods which are backed up by the latest research and data.
The real problem with Common Core is making sure that teachers have the professional development, tools, knowledge bases and resources to be able to respond flexibly to the needs of each student and teach in a way that will best help them.