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Teleological Argument (Aquinas)

Polymath257

Think & Care
Staff member
Premium Member
No it doesn't. You're just interpreting it that way.
Really? How much quantum mechanics have you studied?
"Meta-reality". The mind that has bought into materialism as the sole truth of 'what is' cannot see beyond itself.
The term 'meta-reality' just seems like fluff to me. It has no actual reference.
Actually it doesn't. DNA is a source, self-replication is a cause. These are not the same things.
No, self-replication is the *effect*. DNA (and the other chemicals in the cell) constitutes the cause.
There is no known "deepest level".
Correct. Which is why we should always try to go deeper. But also realize that there may be no answer if you are at the fundamental level.
About that, anything can be said. Because anything is possible.

You have said this a couple of times and it seems to be wrong as far as I can see. in what sense is 'anything possible'?
Whatever the solution to that mystery is, it is beyond our comprehension. But not our imaginations. This is what you materialists really, really don't like. That imagination can probe and explore where evidence and facts and empirical science (knowledge) cannot.
No, imagination is simply speculation that isn't tied to actually being correct. It doesn't probe anything other than our biases until the speculation is *tested* in some way.
Only the scientism cultists think that explaining how something physically functions has somehow explained how and why it exists.
Well, not just how *it* functions, but how other things function to bring it about. Yes, that would explain how and why it exists.
 

PureX

Veteran Member
Really? How much quantum mechanics have you studied?
How much art, religion, and philosophy have you studied? The problem here is that you think this is a scientific universe and all the pertinent questions are scientific questions that can be scientifically answered. And this scientific view of reality has caused you to reject and ignore any kind of meta-reality. The reality that religion, philosophy and art explore.
The term 'meta-reality' just seems like fluff to me. It has no actual reference.
Yep, I know. It's unfortunate.
No, self-replication is the *effect*. DNA (and the other chemicals in the cell) constitutes the cause.
All cause is also effect. Neither, however, are the source.
Correct. Which is why we should always try to go deeper. But also realize that there may be no answer if you are at the fundamental level.
"No answer" opens up the huge realm of possibilities for us to explore. And there are plenty of possible solutions. Just not 'scientific' ones.
You have said this a couple of times and it seems to be wrong as far as I can see. in what sense is 'anything possible'?
In the sense that an unresolved mystery provides us with endless possible resolutions to contemplate and 'try on'.
No, imagination is simply speculation that isn't tied to actually being correct.
"Correct" is not relevant once we leave the realm of material interactions. Since you cannot leave that realm, being "correct" is very important to you. But in the bigger picture, it's not the be-all and end-all that you presume it to be.
It doesn't probe anything other than our biases until the speculation is *tested* in some way.
They probe a realm of being that you have rejected as not being relevant.
Well, not just how *it* functions, but how other things function to bring it about. Yes, that would explain how and why it exists.
No, it doesn't really explain anything. Not that understanding relative functionality within "it" isn't important, but it's not the how or why of the mystery of existence.
 

Polymath257

Think & Care
Staff member
Premium Member
How much art, religion, and philosophy have you studied? The problem here is that you think this is a scientific universe and all the pertinent questions are scientific questions that can be scientifically answered. And this scientific view of reality has caused you to reject and ignore any kind of meta-reality. The reality that religion, philosophy and art explore.
You are the one that claims I am misinterpreting quantum mechanics. Since I have studied it in depth, I was wondering what your qualifications are for your claim.

And yes, I have studied a fair amount of philosophy, religion, history, and (less so) art.
Yep, I know. It's unfortunate.
Well, can you give a referent for it? What, precisely do you mean by 'meta-reality'?
All cause is also effect. Neither, however, are the source.
And what do you claim *is* the source? And why should we think you are correct in this evaluation?
"No answer" opens up the huge realm of possibilities for us to explore. And there are plenty of possible solutions. Just not 'scientific' ones.
Those don't give actual answers, just rearrange our biases.
In the sense that an unresolved mystery provides us with endless possible resolutions to contemplate and 'try on'.
Yes, plenty to speculate about over good alcohol.
"Correct" is not relevant once we leave the realm of material interactions. Since you cannot leave that realm, being "correct" is very important to you. But in the bigger picture, it's not the be-all and end-all that you presume it to be.
For you.
They probe a realm of being that you have rejected as not being relevant.

No, it doesn't really explain anything. Not that understanding relative functionality within "it" isn't important, but it's not the how or why of the mystery of existence.
Are you sure? Maybe the 'mystery' is only because we revel in speculation without justification.
 

PureX

Veteran Member
You are the one that claims I am misinterpreting quantum mechanics. Since I have studied it in depth, I was wondering what your qualifications are for your claim.
I can guarantee you that if you think something can come from nothing via quantum mechanics you are very mistaken. Because there are no "mechanics" going on in nothing, quantum or otherwise. Nothing is nothing. And is in no way mechanized. Nor can such spring from nothing, because there is nothing from which it could spring, and there is no 'springing' energy.
And yes, I have studied a fair amount of philosophy, religion, history, and (less so) art.
Well, enough to reject them as irrelevant blather, right? I would say you clearly missed the boat on that one.
Well, can you give a referent for it? What, precisely do you mean by 'meta-reality'?
I mean a level of reality that generates and defines the one you think is all there is.
And what do you claim *is* the source? And why should we think you are correct in this evaluation?
We do not know. It's a mystery. All we can know is that everything we do know points to it's necessity.
Those don't give actual answers, just rearrange our biases.
They open our minds to the possibilities. That we can then "try on" in our life choices to see how they work for us.
Yes, plenty to speculate about over good alcohol.
Belittling speculation, now, are we?
For you.

Are you sure? Maybe the 'mystery' is only because we revel in speculation without justification.
Why would that make any difference? We are humans. This is what the universe designed us to do. Apparently even the universe is curious.
 

Polymath257

Think & Care
Staff member
Premium Member
I can guarantee you that if you think something can come from nothing via quantum mechanics you are very mistaken. Because there are no "mechanics" going on in nothing, quantum or otherwise. Nothing is nothing. And is in no way mechanized. Nor can such spring from nothing, because there is nothing from which it could spring, and there is no 'springing' energy.
Well, at the quantum level, the conservation law you implicitly use (conservation of energy) can be violated in some circumstances.
Well, enough to reject them as irrelevant blather, right? I would say you clearly missed the boat on that one.
Nope. History is not irrelevant blather. Art makes no truth claims: it is about aesthetics, not truth. Philosophy has a value in pointing out where our reasoning can go wrong.
I mean a level of reality that generates and defines the one you think is all there is.
And can you show such a 'level of reality' actually exists?
We do not know. It's a mystery. All we can know is that everything we do know points to it's necessity.
Only if you have a metaphysics that doesn't agree with reality.
They open our minds to the possibilities. That we can then "try on" in our life choices to see how they work for us.
Sure. That is not a search for truth, though. it is a search for what is comfortable. Those are very different searches.
Belittling speculation, now, are we?
No. Just noting that speculation can go astray and needs to be tested. Untestable speculation is, however, useless for any actual understanding.
Why would that make any difference? We are humans. This is what the universe designed us to do. Apparently even the universe is curious.
Again with that word 'design'. This is how we *evolved* in this universe. That doesn't imply a goal. It doesn't imply a design. And it doesn't imply we are special.
 

PureX

Veteran Member
Well, at the quantum level, the conservation law you implicitly use (conservation of energy) can be violated in some circumstances.
There is no energy. There are no "laws". Nothing is nothing. It's an absolute.
Nope. History is not irrelevant blather. Art makes no truth claims: it is about aesthetics, not truth. Philosophy has a value in pointing out where our reasoning can go wrong.
There is really no point to continuing this conversation. And it's depressing.
And can you show such a 'level of reality' actually exists?
Sure it's called "gestalt", or for you ... a bicycle.
Only if you have a metaphysics that doesn't agree with reality.

Sure. That is not a search for truth, though. it is a search for what is comfortable. Those are very different searches.

No. Just noting that speculation can go astray and needs to be tested. Untestable speculation is, however, useless for any actual understanding.

Again with that word 'design'. This is how we *evolved* in this universe. That doesn't imply a goal. It doesn't imply a design. And it doesn't imply we are special.
 

Ponder This

Well-Known Member
Number 3. That seems completely wrong. For example, gravity acting on large collections of interstellar gas will inevitably lead to the formation of stars even though no stars are there before hand. The stars don't 'in some sense exist' prior to their formation.
In the example, interstellar gas is caused to become stars and that cause is (by the premise) "intrinsically ordered/directed to a determinate effect as to an end"
You affirm this by saying that "large collections of interstellar gas will inevitably lead to the formation of stars"

You claim the stars do not exist in some sense before hand.
But you've also claimed that the "large collections of interstellar gas will inevitably lead to the formation of stars"
Since the stars do not exist yet, how can you claim the interstellar gas will become stars?

It must be that you have some sense of the effect (stars) prior to the action of formation (the cause).
As this evidently must be, this resolves your objection in the example. Clearly the stars do exist in some sense before their formation as you could not claim the inevitable formation of the stars otherwise.
Hence, Number 3 does not seem "completely wrong".

More generally, because the cause is intrinsically ordered/directed to a determinate effect as to an end...
That could not be unless the effect/end exists in some way prior to the action of the cause as otherwise the cause may lead naturally to some other effect/end.
Is this not so?
 

RestlessSoul

Well-Known Member
The question is what is the source of this order and unity? Some say no source is necessary, some say the cosmic intellect is required.


Another way of putting the same question is to ask, What is fundamental? What observable or conceptual phenomena cannot be reduced to other phenomena, in the way that molecules can be reduced to atoms, atoms to sub atomic particles, particles to excitations of fields, etc? Does form and order reduce to mass and energy, or do mass and energy reduce to form and order? This is like asking, Which came first, the chicken or the egg? So much for form and order. What of time and space?

What do time and space, form and order, entities, events, processes, objects and their interactions al have in common? Don’t they all, in a sense, emerge from conscious observation? What, then, can be more fundamental than consciousness, since without consciousness there can be no observation, and without observation there can be no object?
 
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PearlSeeker

Well-Known Member
Another way of putting the same question is to ask, What is fundamental? What observable or conceptual phenomena cannot be reduced to other phenomena, in the way that molecules can be reduced to atoms, atoms to sub atomic particles, particles to excitations of fields, etc? Does form and order reduce to mass and energy, or do mass and energy reduce to form and order? This is like asking, Which came first, the chicken or the egg? So much for form and order. What of time and space?
There is debate even in the science itself, for example: can chemistry be reduced to physics?
 

PearlSeeker

Well-Known Member
What do time and space, form and order, entities, events, processes, objects and their interactions al have in common? Don’t they all, in a sense, emerge from conscious observation? What, then, can be more fundamental than consciousness, since without consciousness there can be no observation, and without observation there can be no object?

There is a connection between universal Logos and logos as human ability that can understand this order but I think that universal order is independent of any observers in the universe. If observers would disappear the laws would still apply.
 
What do time and space, form and order, entities, events, processes, objects and their interactions al have in common? Don’t they all, in a sense, emerge from conscious observation? What, then, can be more fundamental than consciousness, since without consciousness there can be no observation, and without observation there can be no object?

This seems akin to saying, "Does a tree falling in the woods make a sound if there is no one there to hear it?", or more generally, "Do sound waves propagating through a volume of air exist if there are no human ears to detect them?"
 

Polymath257

Think & Care
Staff member
Premium Member
In the example, interstellar gas is caused to become stars and that cause is (by the premise) "intrinsically ordered/directed to a determinate effect as to an end"
You affirm this by saying that "large collections of interstellar gas will inevitably lead to the formation of stars"
Well, as long as the gas cloud is large enough.
You claim the stars do not exist in some sense before hand.
Correct.
But you've also claimed that the "large collections of interstellar gas will inevitably lead to the formation of stars"
Since the stars do not exist yet, how can you claim the interstellar gas will become stars?
Because there are no stars, then gravity acts, causing a collapse, and stars form.
It must be that you have some sense of the effect (stars) prior to the action of formation (the cause).
huh? How does that follow? At first, there are no stars, then after a while, there are. There is no sense in which stars exist before they form.
As this evidently must be, this resolves your objection in the example. Clearly the stars do exist in some sense before their formation as you could not claim the inevitable formation of the stars otherwise.
Hence, Number 3 does not seem "completely wrong".
No, it still seems completely wrong. Stars do not exist in the gas cloud before it starts to collapse. Then they do.
More generally, because the cause is intrinsically ordered/directed to a determinate effect as to an end...
That could not be unless the effect/end exists in some way prior to the action of the cause as otherwise the cause may lead naturally to some other effect/end.
Is this not so?
No. That seems completely wrong to me.
 

Polymath257

Think & Care
Staff member
Premium Member
Another way of putting the same question is to ask, What is fundamental? What observable or conceptual phenomena cannot be reduced to other phenomena, in the way that molecules can be reduced to atoms, atoms to sub atomic particles, particles to excitations of fields, etc? Does form and order reduce to mass and energy, or do mass and energy reduce to form and order? This is like asking, Which came first, the chicken or the egg? So much for form and order. What of time and space?

What do time and space, form and order, entities, events, processes, objects and their interactions al have in common? Don’t they all, in a sense, emerge from conscious observation? What, then, can be more fundamental than consciousness, since without consciousness there can be no observation, and without observation there can be no object?
No, they do not. Consciousness arises from them. Objects can exist even if nobody is conscious of them.
 

RestlessSoul

Well-Known Member
There is a connection between universal Logos and logos as human ability that can understand this order but I think that universal order is independent of any observers in the universe. If observers would disappear the laws would still apply.
This seems akin to saying, "Does a tree falling in the woods make a sound if there is no one there to hear it?", or more generally, "Do sound waves propagating through a volume of air exist if there are no human ears to detect them?"


Does objective reality exist indepenently of observation? I think that question is unanswerable, but few scientists and only a handful of philosophers even ask it, and most that do would be inclined to declare objective reality as axiomatic, and then declare subjectivity to be a handicap that must be overcome, rather than a reality which itself must be acknowledged.

Another approach is to acknowledge the inevitable subjectivity of our unique human perspective, and ask how then do form, order, and perception interact without attempting to reduce any one to the other. Since every view is a view from somewhere, if we want to understand things as they are as far as is humanly possible, don't we have to begin by acknowledging that object, observer, and act of observation are intrinsically and inseperably connected? Any description of an experiment has to include a description of the laboratry in which it is undertaken, and any description of the universe has to include an account of the consciousness which describes it, in order for either to be complete.

We are not separate from nature, though we are alienated from it; this is a function of our limited perception, but it's also a function of ego, which wants to preserve it's hegemony over the psyche. Because of this alienation, which is really a false perception, we try to understand nature, life the universe and everything, as though we were looking at it from the outside. But we are not outside the universe, we are inside it looking out, while at the same time the universe, or all we know of it, is within us. And only by taking a holistic approach to internal and external realities, can we really hope to understand the world and our place in it.
 

RestlessSoul

Well-Known Member
No, they do not. Consciousness arises from them. Objects can exist even if nobody is conscious of them.


This is an unsubstantiated assumption on your part, since by definition you cannot point at any unobserved entity, concept or object, either real or imagined.
 

Valjean

Veteran Member
Premium Member
It's the complete lack of features or properties ... you know, like the atheists proclaimed definition of atheism.
Nowhere in the universe is there a complete lack of features or properties. Even in interstellar space there is spacetime, and the laws and constants of this universe obtain.
My claim of lack of belief has nothing to do with this. It's a simple exercise of logic.
;)
It's an observed transcendent feature of reality.
A Gestalt's a type of combination; a configuration of parts into something more than the sum of parts
 
Does objective reality exist indepenently of observation? I think that question is unanswerable,...

Your assessment is noted, though I do not share it and not sure how you might arrive at such a conclusion. You do not seem to be questioning the existence of objective reality in and of itself. If you are, please correct me.

If you do accept the existence of objective reality, then by its very definition its existence would be expressly independent of a need or requirement for observation.

but few scientists and only a handful of philosophers even ask it, and most that do would be inclined to declare objective reality as axiomatic, and then declare subjectivity to be a handicap that must be overcome, rather than a reality which itself must be acknowledged.

Perhaps they do not formally ask it because it would be a self-contradictory question as I have illustrated above. If you mean to say few scientists and philosophers ask whether there is such a thing as objective reality, I suppose I agree and would say that it is for good reasons.

I would disagree that most scientists and philosophers declare objective reality as axiomatic. I would argue that they would say objective reality is supported empirically, not simply presumed.

Your comment regarding subjectivity seems personal and reflective of your feelings, but it would be another contradictory statement. If scientists and philosophers are endeavoring to overcome obstacles to discerning objective reality caused by inherent aspects of subjectivity, aren’t they acknowledging the reality of subjectivity itself? The answer would be yes.

Another approach is to acknowledge the inevitable subjectivity of our unique human perspective, and ask how then do form, order, and perception interact without attempting to reduce any one to the other.

Your use of the terms ‘form’ and ‘order’ seem to fit some stylized definitions for a thesis I am not familiar with. I can’t meaningfully comment on this.

Since every view is a view from somewhere, if we want to understand things as they are as far as is humanly possible, don't we have to begin by acknowledging that object, observer, and act of observation are intrinsically and inseperably connected?

Inseparably connected? No, I don’t think so. An individual observer and its personal acts of observation are interdependent of course, but objects are not dependent on an observer.

I think it is important to introduce an acknowledgement of the existence of multiple observers at this point in the conversation. You seem highly focused on the limits of a single individual to accurately observe, yet we are not limited simply to our own personal observations and experiences. This is a significant point regarding our ability to tease out an understanding of objective reality that you have ignored so far.

Any description of an experiment has to include a description of the laboratry in which it is undertaken, and any description of the universe has to include an account of the consciousness which describes it, in order for either to be complete.

We are not separate from nature, though we are alienated from it; this is a function of our limited perception, but it's also a function of ego, which wants to preserve it's hegemony over the psyche. Because of this alienation, which is really a false perception, we try to understand nature, life the universe and everything, as though we were looking at it from the outside. But we are not outside the universe, we are inside it looking out, while at the same time the universe, or all we know of it, is within us. And only by taking a holistic approach to internal and external realities, can we really hope to understand the world and our place in it.

Pretty convoluted metaphor but I think I get what you are trying to convey.

I think I’ll just jump to the last sentence, which I feel I can agree with as I would interpret it from my perspective. You state, “... by taking a holistic approach to internal and external realities, can we really hope to understand the world and our place in it.”

The holistic approach, as I see it, would be a scientific approach, which would acknowledge the subjectivity of any one individual and all the limitations associated with that (the internal reality you reference), and by the same token it also acknowledges that not every individual is subjective in exactly the same way, that we do not express our individual strengths and weakness in the same manner, nor to the same degrees. The inherent differences *between* individuals provide us some leverage in getting beyond the limitations of any one subjective observer (an aspect of the external reality). We can then use this leverage to piece together a more objective view of reality by reconciling many, many subjective observations of the objective world. Of course, a scientific approach greatly expands beyond this simplistic picture.

To sum up, your focus on the limitations of the individual does not fairly represent the full picture of what is at play. I would argue that our ability to get beyond the subjectivity of the individual enables us to establish confidence in the existence of an objective reality, a reality that exists independent of observation.
 
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