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The flaws in Intelligent design

Polymath257

Think & Care
Staff member
Premium Member
You had it backwards. Codons are made of nucleotide combinations. Nucleotides can do other things than make codons. A house is made of boards and nails, but not all boards and nails are houses. If you asked "Are codons nucleotide combinations?" the answer would have been yes. When you turned the question around the answer became no.

I'm going to expand on this a bit.

Nucleotides are very common inside of cells. ATP, for example, is a modified nucleotide that is the primary energy reserve for cells. Cyclic AMP often shows up as a 'messenger molecule', being modified by G proteins, and then activating various enzymes that cut proteins to activate them. Often, other nucleotides can show up in similar roles, but less often than those based on adenosine.
 

Polymath257

Think & Care
Staff member
Premium Member
Your source is too simplistic. It leaves out uracil for example. It forgot about RNA. They are constructed by RNA polymerase as it moves along a strand of DNA.


This is far more thorough:

Nucleotide - Wikipedia

Also, in addition to the 4 nucleotides (adenosine, cytosine, thymine, and guanine) of DNA and the one extra (uracil) that shows up in mRNA (messenger RNA), there are other nucleotides that appear in ribosomal RNA and in transfer RNA.

Finally, we have introduced extra nucleotides into DNA to and produced new tRNA to allow for 'coding' of amino acids that are not usually part of proteins.
 

Polymath257

Think & Care
Staff member
Premium Member
There not? What are they then? And this source disagrees

"The DNA code is held by the different letters of the nucleotides. As the cell "reads" the instructions on the DNA the different letters represent instructions. Every three letters makes up a word called a codon. A string of codons may look like this:

ATC TGA GGA AAT GAC CAG


Even though there are only four different letters, DNA molecules are thousands of letters long. This allows for billions and billions of different combinations."

Biology for Kids: DNA and Genes

This is not a creationist site either.

Notice it is a site for kids. It gives a simplistic explanation that is 'good enough' for kids.

But, the details, which are omitted, don't support the type of conclusions you want to make.

The term 'code' is NOT used here in the same sense as a military intelligence code. Human codes are typically made to *hide* meaning, allowing it to only be used for an intended recipient. Furthermore, the *form* of the message and the *content* of the message are separated and distinct.

In contrast, the form and the content of the information in DNA is precisely the same. There is no 'hiding' of information, nor are the chemicals involved prevented from interacting in ways other than the typical information pathway. For example, it is quite possible for the RNA to NOT be transcribed into protein, but instead be decomposed prior to transcription.

Life is a complex collection of inter-related chemical reactions. There are *always* side reactions that occur simply because the chemicals do not *know* what they are 'supposed' to be doing. They are not 'directed' to do anything by some 'intelligence'.

You seem to think that information is specific to having an intelligence around. You seem to think that transformation of information can only happen with a backing intelligence guiding the transformation. Neither is the case.
 

SkepticThinker

Veteran Member
Franciss callins wrote a whole book of DNA, called the language of God.

In the video i gave you, he said the evolutionary process God designed.

Lets go back to my question.

What is the purpose of the nucleotides on the DNA ladder?
Francis Collins fully accepts evolution as factual reality. He just thinks his version of the Christian God designed it and put it into motion.
But if you're so keen on Collins' views, you should send him an email and converse with him about them.
 

SkepticThinker

Veteran Member
Oh im going to support it, THROUGH a question first.

Which IS: whats the purpose of the nucleotides on the DNA ladder?
I literally just typed the words "Whats the purpose of the nucelotides on the DNA ladder" into Google, and this popped up:
https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1...VpuHgAhULVK0KHczdDU8QBQgpKAA&biw=1920&bih=969

It's super easy to find things out for yourself these days, though your question is somewhat malformed and assumes creation (i.e. "purpose").
 
DNA is not literal codes or instructions. We interpret and describe them as such because that's a simpler way of thinking about them, but they are not literal codes or instructions.

How do you know that?

Even if DNA could be said to be a literal code, this argument still runs into the problem of induction. Your argument rests on the unfounded assumption that because you've never encountered an example where X wasn't the result of Y, all examples of X must be a result of Y. Obviously, this is fallacious. You need to actually demonstrate a causal agent in the specific instance of X before you can assert that it is necessarily the result of Y. Contrast your logic here with the following statements:

"I have only ever seen white swans, therefore all swans are white."
"I have only ever seen food made in a microwave, therefore all food is made in microwaves."
"Every Australian I have ever met has had a beard, therefore all Australians have beards."

If you understand the flaw in the logic of the above statements, you should realize the flaw in the logic you're using in the statement:

"We have only ever see codes that came from intelligence, therefore all codes come from intelligence."

Thats a good point you make and i admit i am making an assumption. However its not an unreasonable assumption. As i said prior, intelligence is not proven, its the best explanation based on the evidence and logical inference.

In the future, if scientists prove the DNA came from none intelligence, then ID will be falsified. However, ID PREDICTS that unguided forces having done it will never be proven.

The difference being that one is potentially testable, the other isn't

Why is non intelligence testable but intelligence is not?

(and it can be argued that even if the other is confirmed, it doesn't even rule out the other as they are not necessarily mutually exclusive).

Ok, i sorta understand, but, tell me why intelligence and none intelligence are not mutually exclusive?


Because in our experience codes only come from intelligence, so thats why i logically infer actual intelligence.

Then how did you determine it?

You dont have too see who or what the intelligence is in order to determine an intelligent cause.

If you saw an ant hill, but no ants, youd infer intelligence made that hill. And not just because prior knowledge either, if you just examined it, youd figure some intelligence was behind it.

If you saw a deserted bird nest, youd infer intelligence. Also, not just because of prior knowledge, but because of the way its made.

If you saw a pot on the ground in a field, youd infer intelligence.

The point is, you dont have to directly see the intelligent agent in order to detect an intelligence.

Not quite. See, "creationist/creationism" have different definitions largely depending on context. Classically, a "creationist" can be considered anybody who believes life and/or the Universe was intentionally created by a God or some other intelligent agency. However, in the context of the evolution debate, creationism takes on a more specific definition: that of somebody who specifically rejects the theory of evolution in favour of specific religious (or, at least, theistic) interpretation of creation. The confusion in terms comes up occasionally, but rarely causes any significant problems.

Ive listened to speaches and debates on youtube where stephen myer said and i agree with him on this, it makes perfect sense to me, he was asked about this very thing; he said ID can still be used by theistic evolutionists.

Why? He said because God would have STILL intelligently designed the system of evolution.

So, in otherwords, theistic evolution is NOT a PURELY darwinian unguided process. God still intelligently designed that process.

Now, if a theistic evolutionist wer to say he does not believe God designed the process, then that person is NOT logically consistent with the theism he says he believes in.

Now, let me point out the other thing stephen says. He says theres two kinds of IDers, theistic evolutionists and iders who are not evolutionists. Both are iders. And thats perfectly logical as well to say they are. ID is a large unbrella.
 
I literally just typed the words "Whats the purpose of the nucelotides on the DNA ladder" into Google, and this popped up:
https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1C1QJDB_enCA604CA604&q=what's+the+purpose+of+the+nucleotides+on+the+DNA+ladder&spell=1&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjL-8WVpuHgAhULVK0KHczdDU8QBQgpKAA&biw=1920&bih=969

It's super easy to find things out for yourself these days, though your question is somewhat malformed and assumes creation (i.e. "purpose").

Tune in....im perfectly aware of the wonders of google searching. This is a discussion board. Im asking rhetorical questions.

Although, not all my questions are rhetorical.
 
But it does not quite say that. It says that they are constructed by the action of RNA polymerase "reading" DNA. Here:

"The code defines how sequences of nucleotide triplets, called codons, specify which amino acid will be added next during protein synthesis."

Here was your question:

"Ok, so are nucleotides codon combinations?"

You had it backwards. Codons are made of nucleotide combinations. Nucleotides can do other things than make codons. A house is made of boards and nails, but not all boards and nails are houses. If you asked "Are codons nucleotide combinations?" the answer would have been yes. When you turned the question around the answer became no.

No. Exactly the opposite. A codon consists of three nucleotides.

Ok, one codon consists of 3 nucleotides.

Now, what IS a codon? :D
 

Polymath257

Think & Care
Staff member
Premium Member
A group of three nucleotides that will cause the construction of various proteins when a RNA polymerase goes over some DNA. They have other functions as well, but that will do for now.


You don't even have to mention the RNA polymerase. Technically, there are non-coding codons. It is also possible to make a distinction between 'sense' codons (in DNA) and 'anti-sense' codons (in RNA).
 
Leading language leads to equivocation fallacies.

In this case "function" is a better term and you were given two specific examples. Ask a biologist for more.

So its function.

You said this >

"A group of three nucleotides that will cause the construction of various proteins when a RNA polymerase goes over some DNA. They have other functions as well, but that will do for now."

How does a codon cause the construction and how does the polymerase go over?

Cause how? And go over how?

What do you mean by cause and go over here?
 

Polymath257

Think & Care
Staff member
Premium Member
Ok, thats what it IS.

Now, what IS a codons PURPOSE? :p

Purpose? Why do you think it has one?

The *function*, if it is in DNA, is to make RNA polymerase produce an anti-sense codon in some RNA. A codon in RNA can then *function* by interacting with a ribosome to induce a particular amino acid to bond to a polypeptide chain being made by the ribosome. The *function* of that polypeptide can be one of several things, from being an enzyme to catalyze a chemical reaction, to being a structural protein, or any number of other *functions* that proteins have in cells and living things.

But, in all cases, those particular functions are *highly* dependent on environment. If, for example, there is no ATP around, then all of these reactions stop and other ones take over. Those other reactions tend to be harmful to the organism as a whole, potentially producing death. In which case, the *function* of these chemicals would be to kill the organism by entering into side reactions that are usually avoided by the presence of ATP.

Purpose and function are different things. To have a purpose means there is some intelligence with an intention that directs the process. A *function*, on the other hand, does NOT require an intent nor, correspondingly, an intelligent agent. A function can be natural while a purpose has to have an intent behind it.

There are LOTS of functions in living things. But only those having to do with the patterns of reactions leading to consciousness can be associated with a 'purpose'.
 

Subduction Zone

Veteran Member
So its function.

You said this >

"A group of three nucleotides that will cause the construction of various proteins when a RNA polymerase goes over some DNA. They have other functions as well, but that will do for now."

How does a codon cause the construction and how does the polymerase go over?

Cause how? And go over how?

What do you mean by cause and go over here?
Don't ask me. A person that specializes in that field may be able to explain it to you. They would know the workings, I would not.
 

Polymath257

Think & Care
Staff member
Premium Member
So its function.

You said this >

"A group of three nucleotides that will cause the construction of various proteins when a RNA polymerase goes over some DNA. They have other functions as well, but that will do for now."

How does a codon cause the construction and how does the polymerase go over?

Cause how? And go over how?

What do you mean by cause and go over here?

The RNA polymerase 'goes over' the length of the DNA by a sequence of chemical reactions which you can find details of in most modern biochemistry books. you can also read about where initial bonding of the polymerase occurs and what induces it to 'let go' of the DNA. These all happen because of fairly well-known laws of chemistry.

The 'cause' of the construction of the proteins is a longer chain of chemical reactions involving everything from the initial polymerase, to (often) self-splicing by the resulting RNA strand, to attachment on a ribosome (made of RNA and proteins), allowing transfer RNA, which is bonded to an amino acid (another longish story) to come close enough to the growing peptide strand to induce the ribosome to chemically attach the amino acid to the growing protein chain. Which tRNA attaches is determined by which codon is showing on the mRNA, which is in turn determined by the polymerase interacting with the codon on the DNA.

Again, all of this can be found in a modern biochemistry book, often in exquisite detail.
 
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