You write: ‘Why do you ask me what I believe about Yeshua, then follow by telling me what Irenaeus and Tertullian believed, as if I am compelled to agree or disagree with them?
Whether you agree, or disagree, with Irenaeus and Tertullian is not my concern. Rest assured, when it comes to the nature of Yeshua the man they most certainly disagree with
you!
Both believed that Yeshua (ʿalayhi as-salām) had two natures: that he was ‘fully God’ and ‘fully man’. This part of our conversation is concerned with what is meant by ‘fully man’.
According to Irenaeus, Yeshua’s human nature was no different from ours. He suffered; he ‘struggled’; he ‘went through every stage of human life.’ (see ‘
Adversus Haereses’; Book 3).
Tertullian asks us to ‘look closely at the Lord’s corporeal substance (for) it is to his flesh that people pose questions.’
He reminds us that Yeshua (according to the New Testament) was crucified and buried; but that he ‘rose from the dead after burial’. He asks: ‘In what way will these things hold true of (Christ) if he himself was not true, if he did not truly have what it takes to be crucified, to die, to be buried, and to be raised – that is, this
flesh of ours, suffused with blood, built up on bones, woven through with sinews, intertwined with veins?’ (see ‘De Carne Christi’).
In other words, how could Yeshua have died if he were other than a normal human being; if he were not ‘
indubitably human because born of a human being and therefore mortal?’
An omnipotent being is not – and never can be – a mortal being.
According to the vast majority of Christians – past and present – to deny Yeshua’s truly human nature is to deny the true incarnation of the Second Person of the Trinity (the ‘Word’) as a man. (I need to point out that being accepted by a majority does not, of itself, make any doctrine true).
Christian redemption theology is a mish-mash of notions. Most relevant to
our conversation is a) that the ‘Word’ of God assumed a human nature, and became the mediator between God and man; and b) that redemption itself was attained through Yeshua’s obedience to One who was greater than he.
‘You heard me say: I am going away, and shall return. If you loved me you would have been glad to know that I am going to the Father, for
the Father is greater than I. I have told you this now before it happens, so that when it does happen you may believe. I shall not talk with you any longer, because the prince of this world is on his way. He has no power over me, but the world must be brought to know that I love the Father and that
I am doing exactly what the Father told me. Come now, let us go.’ (John 14: 28-31).
An omnipotent being is not – and never can be – inferior to another. When Yeshua said that the Father is greater than he, was he telling the truth; or was he lying?
Paul tells us: ‘Well then, sin entered the world through one man, and through sin death, and thus death has spread through the whole human race because everyone has sinned. Sin existed in the world long before the Law was given. There was no law and so no one could be accused of the sin of "law breaking," yet death reigned over all from Adam to Moses, even though their sin, unlike that of Adam, was not a matter of breaking a law.
‘Adam prefigured the One to come, but the gift itself considerably outweighed the fall. If it is certain that through one man's fall so many died, it is even more certain that divine grace, coming through the one man, Jesus Christ, came to so many as an abundant free gift. The results of the gift also outweigh the results of one man's sin: for after one single fall came judgment with a verdict of condemnation, now after many falls comes grace with its verdict of acquittal.
‘If it is certain that death reigned over everyone as the consequence of one man's fall, it is even more certain that one man, Jesus Christ, will cause everyone to reign in life who receives the free gift that he does not deserve, of being made righteous.
Again, as one man's fall brought condemnation on everyone, so the good act of one man brings everyone life and makes them justified. 19 As by one man's disobedience many were made sinners, so by one man's obedience many will be made righteous.’ (Romans 5: 12-19).
The message is clear: Without a true incarnation there can be no atonement for sin, since it was not then a true man who died for our sins. To claim – as you do – that Yeshua was not a normal man, but a superman – a kind of demi-god – is to deny this most fundamental of Christian doctrine.
You write: ‘Why do you quote Hebrews to emphasize Jesus's humanity as our priest, without quoting Hebrews statements that Jesus is a pre-existent, eternal priest, above all men and angels….?’
Then what of this?:
‘He (God) did not appoint angels to be rulers of the world to come, and that world is what we are talking about. Somewhere there is a passage that shows us this. It runs: What is man that you should spare a thought for him, the son of man that you should care for him? For a short while you made him lower than the angels; you crowned him with glory and splendor. You have put him in command of everything. Well then, if he has put him in command of everything, he has left nothing which is not under his command. At present, it is true, we are not able to see that everything has been put under his command, but we
do see in Jesus
one who was for a short while made lower than the angels and is now crowned with glory and splendor because he
submitted to death; by God's grace he had to experience death for all mankind.’ (Hebrews 2: 5-9).
Verses 5 to 8 refer to (mere) human beings, of course. Verse 9 refers to Yeshua, who is also said to have been ‘made lower than the angels’; just like the rest of us. Tell me, how can Yeshua (the man) have been made ‘lower than the angels’ if he was – according to you – both omnipotent and omniscient?
You write: ‘Why do you quote John 11 to disprove Jesus's divinity when the statement you quoted, "I knew indeed that you always hear me," is a demonstration of Jesus's omniscience?
John 11:42 is
not a demonstration of Yeshua’s omniscience; it is a statement of his confidence in God; and this is quite a different matter.
Consider this:
‘We are quite confident that if we ask Him for anything, and it is in accordance with His will, He will hear us; and, knowing that whatever we may ask, He hears us, we know that we have already been granted what we asked of Him.’ (1 John 5: 14-15). It has been my privilege to know a great many Christians who, having accepted the truth of these verses, responded accordingly. While each and every one of them had total confidence in God - and in the power of prayer - I can assure you that not a single one was omniscient!
You have chosen to avoid Matthew 24:36; in which Yeshua refers to the coming of the Son of Man at the End of Days:
'However, no one knows the day or hour when these things will happen, not even the angels in heaven or the Son himself.
Only the Father knows.'? (Matthew 24:36).
When Yeshua said that ‘Only the Father knows’; was he speaking the truth, or was he lying?
Finally, you write:
‘I've rarely questioned the doctrine that the Son is subservient to the Father, but that does not make the Son less than God.’
‘…………….but we
do see in Jesus
one who was for a short while made lower than the angels………… ’ (Hebrews 2:9).
If one accepts that Yeshua had two natures – one ‘fully divine’, and one ‘fully human’ – then Yeshua, the ‘fully human’, was not only less than God, he was less that the angels. In short, he was just a man.
You take good care now.