Ok, I see your point. Trump wants to get people installed quickly and this is his constitutional method to do that.
Actually, now that I read the actual wording, I don't think it is constitutional. Here's what Article II, Section 2 says:
[The President] shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law[.]
[...]
The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting Commissions which shall expire at the End of their next Session.
Notice the part that I bolded. Cabinet position terms generally align with congressional terms, so on the day that the new Senate meets to get sworn in, all the cabinet positions will already be vacant. If that new Senate immediately holds a recess, none of the vacancies will have happened
during that recess, so Trump wouldn't have the power to fill them.
The senate would more than likely confirm his selections anyway. If the senate has an issue with this they can just not adjourn.
I imagine that the Senate Republicans might be okay with going along with the plan, and I'm sure that all the appointments will be confirmed.
I think the main difference - and why this end run around normal process would appeal to someone like Trump - is that a confirmation hearing allows the opportunity for a Democrat senator to ask a challenging question and the nominee to give a foolish answer in full view of the TV cameras.
I think this plan is about avoiding the very real risk of having the news cycle for a few weeks be filled with stories about how the cabinet that Trump picked are a load of muppets.
The House also has to agree to a senate adjournment longer than 3 days.
Interesting. Didn't know that.