I was skimming though this as yesterday I watched a YouTube video of a scientist responding to Sanford's claims from a recent exchange, and something that I had not noticed before popped out at me:
I thought about this, and so searched for the quote again, and was able to find the entire book online (
a plain text version, to be sure) for free under a different name. So, with context:
(context removed for brevity)
Can Natural Selection Create?
... Within reasonable evolutionary timeframes, we can only select for an extremely limited number of unlinked nucleotides. In the last 6 million years, selection could maximally fix 1,000 unlinked beneficial mutations, creating less new information than is on this page of text.* There is no way that such a small amount of information could transform an ape into a human....
For clarity:
Within reasonable evolutionary timeframes, we can only select for an extremely limited number of unlinked nucleotides. In the last 6 million years, selection could maximally fix 1,000 unlinked beneficial mutations, creating less new information than is on this page of text.* There is no way that such a small amount of information could transform an ape into a human....
Does Sanford explain why, and provide supporting documentation/evidence? No, of course he does not.
This is one among many reasons that the use of "information" arguments, mixed with an apparent shallowness of understanding of his own general field, makes for unwarranted proclamations.
Sanford, like ReMine before him, like pretty much every YEC/IDC I have encountered, seem to think there is a discreet, unchanging 1-to-1 relationship between a mutation and its phenotypic effects, and more, that this relationship indicates that the changes can only be, and only ever are, tiny.
"HOW can it be!!!". they seem to be thinking, "that a tiny number - a mere 1000 beneficial changes - of mutations could possibly produce a poet, doctor, philosopher from a poop-flinging ape???!!!??? SURELY, the real answer is JESUS!"
Crude, I suppose, but that seems to pretty sum up Sanford's passage.
A simple refutation of this apparent/implied 1-to-1 relationship between mutation and phenotype belief - one that I am NOT presenting as evidence of evolution or benefit, but merely to show how extensive the effects of even a single point mutation can be - is seen in familial achondroplasia.
A single mutation in the gene FGFR-3 (fibroblast growth factor receptor 3) can produce altered limb proportion, reduced stature, identifiable changes in the facial skeleton, reduction of interphalangeal joints, etc., as well as all of the related changes in muscle, nervous tissue, blood vessels, etc, associated with these gross morphological changes. And all from a single base substitution.
But sure, Johnny, 1000 mutations, darn it, just are not "enough"...