Some might think its too little too late, but I think its one of the few times a pope in the history of the Church has not only sought forgiveness but has actually apologized.
Francis has said his weeklong visit, which begins Sunday, is a “penitential pilgrimage” to beg forgiveness on Canadian soil for the “evil” done to Native peoples by Catholic missionaries. It follows his April 1 apology in the Vatican for the generations of trauma Indigenous peoples suffered as a result of a church-enforced policy to eliminate their culture and assimilate them into Canadian, Christian society.
Cardinal Michael Czerny, a Canadian Jesuit who is a top papal adviser, recalled that early on in his papacy, Francis asserted that no single culture can claim a hold on Christianity, and that the church cannot demand that people on other continents imitate the European way of expressing the faith.
The trip won’t be easy for the 85-year-old Francis or for residential school survivors and their families. Francis can no longer walk without assistance and will be using a wheelchair and cane because of painful strained knee ligaments. Trauma experts are being deployed at all events to provide mental health assistance for school survivors, given the likelihood of triggering memories.
Pope's Indigenous tour signals a rethink of mission legacy (msn.com)
It takes a specialist in Indian law to handle legal issues concerning Indians, and those specialists are very few and far between. Most of those specialists are, themselves, Native Americans.
Recently, a Native American from Oklahoma murdered someone. They argued (successfully) that originally, the entire state of Oklahoma was an Indian reservation. They went through courts to get their land back, and the courts agreed that the treaties were valid, so they were granted the land. This put the murder trial under Native American authority, and they dropped the charges.
It is a dicey situation to enforce White law on Indian land. They often don't have to pay taxes, so special fees have to be imposed to pay for such things as schools, roads, firemen, and policemen.
At Fort Independence, California, the Piute land was resurveyed, showing that the ancient survey, with antique equipment, was off by over 100 feet, so the houses of White people built on the edge of the reservation were no longer theirs. The White people had paid for their houses, and got no compensation when they were taken away. Oddly, the houses were bulldozed. It seems to me that the Native Americans could have used the houses, and there was no reason to bull doze them.
At the Campo reservation (San Diego County, California), the tribe voted to make their reservation into a dump for trash, for toxic waste, and for nuclear waste. Mexico sued, claiming that the US had signed a treaty not to have that so near the border (Campo is almost on the border). The US argued that the Campo tribe had a treaty, making it almost like a sovereign nation, and Mexico had no such agreement with the tribe. The US could always make laws regarding the transport of waste on US roads, essentially isolating the tribe. And they say that Native Americans are unlike White people, that is, always looking out for their land. The famous picture used on TV was an Indian (Iron Eyes Cody) shedding a tear over pollution. Cody was Italian, not a native American.
Native Americans around Ridgecrest, California, used to have a sacred mud spring at Coso Hot Springs (now a part of the China Lake Naval Weapons Center, and heavily guarded and fenced). They felt that the mud had curative properties. A lab tested the water and found that it contained natural penicillin (so it really was an antibiotic).
Pyramid Lake (Nevada....just over the border with California near Lake Tahoe) is thought to be a very spiritual place (to the Native American Piutes who live there). Hot water springs emit mist. A power company wanted to make geothermal power plants there, but the Native Americans blocked their efforts. So, the power company drilled nearby. The pumps put trace amounts of oil in the water, and the Native Americans feel that they are contaminating their sacred waters.
The Harrahs-Rincon casino (San Diego County, California) advertises that it makes almost all of its food itself (casino owned farms), and buys the rest from local farmers. Their food is delicious. The tomatos taste vine-ripened. Their meat is from contented grass-fed cows. . .tender. Cows are butchered at the age of 8 months, because it is too expensive to allow them to get older. Harrahs is presumably a Mafia owned casino from Nevada. The Rincon tribe felt that they lacked the experience in running a casino, so they partnered with the mob. Many people think that Indian casinos are preferable to to mob casinos, but they might be wrong.
It is rumored that Indian casinos are not under strict laws of a gaming commission (such as the California Gaming Commission). In Nevada, that commission made sure that the slot machines were fair. Dollar slot machines were regulated to pay out a minimum amount (on the average). So, most casinos have penny slots which only let you play if you put in a large number of pennies (such as 40 pennies per turn). It is rumored that pay out in Indian casinos is no longer the Nevada 95% or higher, but due to non-regulated penny slots on Indian land, they payout has been reduced to about 40%. Since that is roughly 40 cents back for each dollar spent, money disappears rapidly. And we thought that the Indians were chumps for accepting beads for land.
It is rumored that the slot machines at the Barona Casino (Indian reservation, San Diego County, Califorlnia. . . one of the big four) are controlled by a central computer, which could cause any slot machine to pay a jackpot immediately, or to not pay at all. It is rumored that Native American shills make it seem as though slots are winning, just to entice non-Indians to play, then they make them lose.
I was at the first meeting of the various tribes across the country to discuss the possibility of making casinos (held at the Ava Casino, Nevada). I spoke with the Navajo/Hopi representative who asked me to speak at the meeting. I declined. She was concerned that a reservation might cause them to drink more, gamble away their money, and get lured into prostitution. I suggested that perhaps the extra income from the casino might keep them from getting depressed and drinking, and the casino might pay for the Betty Ford clinic or Indian cultural centers to preserve the rapidly disappear culture (dances, dress, etc). I argued that they have to be careful that the fat-cats who run the Indian casinos might grab all of the loot for themselves. But she assured me (wrongly, as history shows) that Native Americans are different, they are very sharing (no. . . they are not).
Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger (body builder, actor) forced an agreement for taxes with the state of California and what became the four big casinos (Barona, Pechanga, Pala, Morongo). This prevented the deal that the various Indian tribes had to use the casino money to better all of the tribes (even ones without casinos, or ones that were too isolated to have good casinos), and make cultural centers to preserve their languages, customs, dress, and foods).
Many of the native American foods are unusual. The Kutzadika (means brine fly eaters) Piute, who live on the shores of Mono Lake, California, gather the brine flies, that form a ring around the lake. In the old days (mentioned by author Mark Twain. . . Samuel Clemmons), the flies formed a 6 inch band around the lake. The Kutzadika would gather them up, dry them, mix them with dried meat (pemican), and sell the protein rich foods to other tribes. They also gathered pine nuts (from pinion pines) and brine shrimp unique to the waters of the Mono Lake (artemia Monica).
Atrocities happened at the hands of White people, non-White people, and Native Americans. Many battles were fought over sold land, stolen land, fenced land, scared off game, rustled cattle, stolen horses, etc. All sides were injured (some Whites were burned out, or shot by arrows). In the end, the land that had belonged to Native Americans, was not longer theirs, and the land was owned by Americans (mostly White).
Many worry that compensation of Native Americans, today, will help the current generation, but not help future generations (they will spend the millions on themselves).
I asked Native American workers at the Barona Casino if it was true that Indian casinos share the wealth with tribesmen. They said that it is true that some tribes give thousands of dollars per month to each member of the tribe, but the Barona Casino gives nothing. They merely offer minimum wage jobs for menial labor.
A few years ago, the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) which controls the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) funded a project to restore the land, but they ran out of funds.