The lineage of Jesus is shown all the way back to Adam, but it should (imv) be treated as a notional lineage from just before Abram, when the narrative becomes literal chronology rather than allegorical story myth (and none the less spiritual for that).
The problem here is the great over-emphasis on the word 'Jewish'. It is derived from the patriarch Judah, head of just one of the twelve tribes descended from Jacob, aka Israel. The Judahites, along with the Benjaminites and Levites were the only tribes to stay loyal to the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, and these three tribes came to be known as 'the Jews'. It was never a designation intended by God, who wanted all twelve tribes to remain faithful. The better question might be, was Adam Abrahamic? Well, you are Adam, I am Adam, because we have all sinned, as Adam did. And we become Abrahamic, spiritually sons and daughters of Abraham, when we believe God, as Abraham did.
Now was Abraham a Jew, as it is generally understood today? If a Jew is one who keeps Mosaic law, no. Was Judah a Jew? If a Jew is one who keeps Mosaic law, no. From Abraham to Joseph and on to the early life of Moses, there was no Mosaic Law, and there were no Jews. The example of Abraham, whose distinctive was that he had believed God, trusted him, and had demonstrated his faith in his actions, was followed by others. That same faith was also demonstrated in Isaac, Jacob and Joseph. The only genuine distinctive of the Children of Israel was faith in their God; it was a terrible absence of faith that led to the giving of the Law at Sinai. So observing commandments was a temporary stop-gap measure until an object of faith could be provided in a Messiah. So we become Abrahamic, or Judah-ish, or Jewish, by faith; a true Israelite, in the words of Jesus, when we believe Jesus and trust him for salvation.
