Cosmos
Member
I'd like to state in light of the recent dialogue that Sufism IS Islam and the facts that most Westerners are unaware of is the fact that the Sufis were the original ones to spread Islam peaceably all over the known world from North Africa, through Persia, into the Indus Valley civilization. This WAS NOT accomplished by the sword! The Arab Muslim armies came a tad later, and yes, the first three of the "Four Righteously Guided Caliphs" were, in fact, dynastic tyrants who abused Qur'anic injunctions to take down oppressive, tyrannical kingdoms and governments. These rulers, as Zenzero accurately described, who usurped the Caliphate became oppressors themselves, and instead of bringing justice to the downtrodden, they severely misused the principle of jihad (which DOES NOT mean "holy war"--but (inner) "struggle") to establish Islamic governance! Indians today, as a perfect example, have historical rifts with their fellow Indian Muslims because of these invading armies. To be fair, not every single one of these conquests were unjust, particularly the first century of conquest, but a great many, yes, and particularly in the Middle Ages when the Muslim army violently invaded India.