What Did They Look Like?
However, if mans ancestors were not apelike, why do so many pictures and replicas of ape-men flood scientific publications and museums around the world? On what are these based?
Artists recontructions, and as they are labelled as such where is the problem?
The book The Biology of Race answers:
The flesh and hair on such reconstructions have to be filled in by resorting to the imagination. It adds:
True, but posture is based on morphology of the skeleton, so what is the problem again?
Skin color; the color, form, and distribution of the hair; the form of the features; and the aspect of the faceof these characters we know absolutely nothing for any prehistoric men. (The Biology of Race, by James C. King, 1971, pp. 135, 151)
Thats the problem with quote-mining from out of date books, this is no longer true as we have been able to recover DNA from prehistoric men. We now do know some things about them. Additionally the work advances in knowledge of how muscles attach to bone allows us to know more about features.
Science Digest also commented:
The vast majority of artists conceptions are based more on imagination than on evidence. . . . Artists must create something between an ape and a human being; the older the specimen is said to be, the more apelike they make it. Fossil hunter Donald Johanson acknowledged:
No one can be sure just what any extinct hominid looked like. (Science Digest, Anthro Art, April 1981, p. 41)
And the problem is what again? We can be certain about the morphology of the skeleton which is a much greater indicator of relationships than skin or hair colour.
Indeed, New Scientist reported that there is not enough evidence from fossil material to take our theorising out of the realms of fantasy. (Lucy, p. 286)
Context, this is a quote mine as there is no fantasy about skeletal morphology.
So the depictions of ape-men are, as one evolutionist admitted, pure fiction in most respects . . . sheer invention. (New Scientist, book review of Not From the Apes: Mans Origins and Evolution by Björn Kurtén, August 3, 1972, p. 259)
So artists impressions are artists impressions, what was the problam again?
Thus in Man, God and Magic p. 304, Ivar Lissner commented: Just as we are slowly learning that primitive men are not necessarily savages, so we must learn to realize that the early men of the Ice Age were neither brute beasts nor semi-apes nor cretins. Hence the ineffable stupidity of all attempts to reconstruct Neanderthal or even Peking man.
Ivar Lissner is wrong, and writing in 1961. And this is from a book about religion, not biology.
In their desire to find evidence of ape-men, some scientists have been taken in by outright fraud, for example, the Piltdown man in 1912. <snip>
Piltdown Man? A hoax revealed by scientists and questioned even before that hoax was revealed.
What Were They?
If ape-man reconstructions are not valid, then what were those ancient creatures whose fossil bones have been found? One of these earliest mammals claimed to be in the line of man is a small, rodentlike animal said to have lived about 70 million years ago.
You have provided no evidence that reconstructions based on morphology are invalid. Only that artists impressions of things that don't fossilise are artists impressions, so what is the issue again?
In their book Lucy: The Beginnings of Humankind p. 315, Donald Johanson and Maitland Edey wrote:
They were insect-eating quadrupeds about the size and shape of squirrels. Richard Leakey called the mammal a rat-like primate.(Origins, p. 40)
But is there any solid evidence that these tiny animals were the ancestors of humans? No, instead only wishful speculation. No transitional stages have ever linked them with anything except what they were: small, rodentlike mammals.
Yes, skeleton morphology and genetics.
Next on the generally accepted list, with an admitted gap of about 40 million years, are fossils found in Egypt and named AegyptopithecusEgypt ape. This creature is said to have lived about 30 million years ago. Magazines, newspapers and books have displayed pictures of this small creature with headings such as:
Monkey-like creature was our ancestor. (Time, Just a Nasty Little Thing, February 18, 1980, p. 58)
Monkeylike African Primate Called Common Ancestor of Man and Apes. (The New York Times January 1, 1984, Section 1, p. 16)
Aegyptopithecus is an ancestor which we share with living apes. (Origins p. 52)
But where are the links between it and the rodent before it? Where are the links to what is placed after it in the evolutionary lineup? None have been found.
So artists impressions are artists impressions and journalists make claims that exagerate what the scientists say? What is the problem again?
The Rise and Fall of Ape-Men
Following another admittedly gigantic gap in the fossil record, another fossil creature had been presented as the first humanlike ape. It was said to have lived about 14 million years ago and was called RamapithecusRamas ape (Rama was a mythical prince of India). <snip>
Do you think that this was considerable enough evidence to reconstruct an upright ape-man ancestor of humans? Yet, this mostly hypothetical creature was drawn by artists as an ape-man, and pictures of it flooded evolutionary literatureall on the basis ofjawbone fragments and teeth! Still, as The New York Times February 14, 1982, p. E7, reported, for decades Ramapithecus sat as securely as anything can at the base of the human evolutionary tree.
So artists impressions are artists impressions? What is the problem again?
However, that is no longer the case. Recent and more complete fossil finds revealed that Ramapithecus closely resembled the present-day ape family.
So New Scientist now declares: Ramapithecus cannot have been the first member of the human line. (New Scientist, Jive Talking, by John Gribbin, June 24, 1982, p. 873)
Such new information provoked the following question in Natural History magazine: How did Ramapithecus, . . . reconstructed only from teeth and jawswithout a known pelvis, limb bones, or skullsneak into this manward-marching procession? (Natural History, False Start of the Human Parade, by Adrienne L. Zihlman and Jerold M. Lowenstein, August/September 1979, p. 86)
Obviously, a great deal of wishful thinking must have gone into such an effort to make the evidence say what it does not say.
Source: (Evolution or Creation? [Ce] chap. 7 pp. 89-93)
If you are tempted to dismiss these articles on account of their age, just remember this:
Except for, perhaps one, there has been no revision or removal of any exhibit constructed on the basis of extremely small fragments of bone.
The "links" remain missing and the presentation intact.
No I am dismissing the articles because they pretty much say nothing more than "artists impressions are artists impressions" and "new evidence enhances our knowledge"
My question:
Why has the peer-review system been unable or unwilling to remove these frauds from being demonstrated at authentic replications of "pre-human" creatures? Why have they allowed entire exhibits, reconstructed entirely from tiny pieces of bone, to be presented as authentic?
Because they are not frauds, they are artists impressions or remains whose relationship to other fossils changes when new evidence is discovered.
Only the terminally dense (or deceitful) are unable to grasp the fact that an artists impression is not claimed to be a definitive image of what something did look like, only what it may have looked like.