Hela cells/lab pandemic
Panentheist sans dogma
Camanintx :
Biologist speak freely of the ‘ DNA code,’ or the ‘ language of Dna’ and for a very good reason... Because that’s precisely what it is, there’s NO dispute about that. There’s a vast amount of information contained in Dna/ Rna... And that information certainly means something to intelligent minds/scientists capable of deciphering /reading it.
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There are four kinds of nucleotides in Dna ( C, A, G, and T ) . And starting at the beginning of a gene , which encodes for a specific protein, every sequential grouping of 3 Dna letters or triplet ( also known as a Codon, ) say CAG, or AAT... encodes for a specific amino acid , of the 20 possible varieties...Note Bien: there are 64 different codons altogether ( 4 times 4 times 4 ) BUT there are only 20 Amino Acids, so there’s a fair bit of redundancy. ( please see the * ADDENDUM * to this ! )
But any biologist, anywhere on earth, at anytime can read these Codons sequentially and say ‘ a ha’ ....valine, lysine, etc...Which is basically a lot like the way our own written language works...We read the letters of a word in sequence ( for example) ‘ CAT’ and we say ‘ Ok that word symbolizes a certain kind of animal '...
if you’re intelligent and you understand English/ the alphabet ... you can readily decipher pretty much any meaningful sentence I type ...well that's my hope at least
... And by the same token , a biologist can read a long sequence of Dna, separate all the codons ( which we might liken to carefully worded instructions in a recipe/cook book ) put together all the amino acids/ ingredients, it calls for, in the correct order, and say ...’ Eureka'...' I know this recipe'...it’s the recipe for ‘ hemoglobin’ ( for instance ) ...In other words , this snippet of Dna or gene, provides all of the information/ instructions for making hemoglobin. ( it's symbollic obviously because it isn't hemoglobin, but just a code explaining how to make it )
Now if DNA was NOT a code/ symbolic language... intelligent scientists could never repeatedly make the quantum leap from identifing Dna nucleotides , numbering literally billions, inclusive of tens of thousands of genes...TO saying ' aha' ...here's the blueprints/recipe for literally tens of thousands of different proteins
Surely the precept that DNA=' A CODE ' argument is on SOLID / NEIGH IRREFUTABLE GROUND EH ? Unless u think, all those geneticists have been making lucky guesses all along ?
Ok let's move on...
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Camanintx :
Well what I’m doing here is making an ‘ argument based on inference.’ Because every other comparable code we know about ( or can even imagine ) requires an intelligent mind to create/ devise it. It is therefore quite reasonable to ‘ infer’ that the same must be true of DNA , based on our understanding/ untold centuries of experience with symbolic codes/ languages....
...Arguing otherwise would basically be akin to asserting that this MESSAGE mindlessly/ randomly wrote itself...WHICH WOULD BE SHEER NONSENSE ! ( not to mention far far more improbable that randomly picking two dozen scrabble squares , in the correct sequence, out of a hat ! )
There are many other variations of this DNA=AN INTELLIGENT CODE argument/ requiring an Intelligent Author ( sorry I don’t know the name of its originator ) some delve deeply into ‘ information theory’ and also into a derivation ( some would day a bastardization ) of the second Law of Thermodynamics , known ( in this case ) as ‘ Informational entropy’
Dna DOES contain information ( so the ‘ Informational entropy’ argument goes ) and since ALL informational sequences/ information carrying signals etc , IF EXPOSED TO THE RANDOM FORCES OF CHAOS, invariably degrade over time, ( Note Bien ) they never but NEVER increase in complexity / information carrying capacity by sheer chance... it follows, that biological evolution CANNOT have been underpinned by random mutations/ blind Darwinian forces...
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Also Camanintx : I disagree that most DNA mutations if random would be neutral...The vast majority of Genetic errors, should they occur in a gene, DO tend to be harmful in very short order , if not DEADLY...
Remember the hemoglobin example ? only a single altered Amino Acid , one out of 287, produced a 25 percent DEATH RATE ...This could be accomplished by a single nucleic change in the corresponding gene ...resulting in a Codon which said : ' don’t give me this AA, give me that one instead '
As for the rest of your commentary ( in a related post ) ...very little is known about that part of DNA where no genes reside...which scientists used to call ‘ Junk DNA’...BUT most geneticists now believe that ' junk DNA' is anything but junk ( if may have a crucial role to play in fetal development for example + so-ooooo much more )
...Let’s recall that scientists can only guestimate the number of human genes, at this point, and they're unanimous in saying that these known / suspected genes CAN"T come close to carrying enough data to account for the complexity of organisms such as ourselves...
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as for the rest of your comments Camanintx ...I fear YOU STILL DON’T GET IT !
Random mutations, have to fashion a fully functioning gene , first and foremost ( at the very minimum ! )...in order to produce something valuable ...a single novel protein in this case...Which Natural Selection can then say : ' yeah baby ! Give me more of that
Before That Happens ... there’s NOTHING NOVEL / NADA / ZILCH...of value for Natural Selection to Select ! GET IT ??? So we're not really evolving yet, much less moving toward novel organs/ species...we're basically just reshuffling pre-existing genes within an already existing species...which insofar as Darwin's proposed ' Origin of ( Novel ) Species' Goes...GETS US NO WHERE !
Since randomly/blindly producing a novel gene...is much much much much much much more difficult/less probable than just pulling the phrase ‘ Darwinism is impossible !’ blindly out of a hat ...my analogy remains completely appropos !
Whereas, your analogy does NOT hold any water...You can’t be picking and choosing the words you recognize and keeping them Kemosabey ( and call this Natural Selection ) ...Your example is NOT Darwinian !...You’re applying INTELLIGENCE to the problem and that’s CHEATING in a Darwinian world...Now if you’ve suddenly converted to the ‘ Intelligent Design’ hypothesis ...I stand corrected : )
In my opinion, even achieving a single novel gene via random mutation is naught but a pipe dream/ Darwinian fantasy... and in this OP I'm far from alone !
Yup I know , I’ve talked about Eden’s Mathematical analysis before, but some here seem to need repetition from time to time In my estimation...
CHEERS AGAIN GANG/ GOTTA FLY/ BYE
First you would have to show that DNA is a symbolic form of language/code....
Biologist speak freely of the ‘ DNA code,’ or the ‘ language of Dna’ and for a very good reason... Because that’s precisely what it is, there’s NO dispute about that. There’s a vast amount of information contained in Dna/ Rna... And that information certainly means something to intelligent minds/scientists capable of deciphering /reading it.
___________
There are four kinds of nucleotides in Dna ( C, A, G, and T ) . And starting at the beginning of a gene , which encodes for a specific protein, every sequential grouping of 3 Dna letters or triplet ( also known as a Codon, ) say CAG, or AAT... encodes for a specific amino acid , of the 20 possible varieties...Note Bien: there are 64 different codons altogether ( 4 times 4 times 4 ) BUT there are only 20 Amino Acids, so there’s a fair bit of redundancy. ( please see the * ADDENDUM * to this ! )
But any biologist, anywhere on earth, at anytime can read these Codons sequentially and say ‘ a ha’ ....valine, lysine, etc...Which is basically a lot like the way our own written language works...We read the letters of a word in sequence ( for example) ‘ CAT’ and we say ‘ Ok that word symbolizes a certain kind of animal '...
if you’re intelligent and you understand English/ the alphabet ... you can readily decipher pretty much any meaningful sentence I type ...well that's my hope at least
... And by the same token , a biologist can read a long sequence of Dna, separate all the codons ( which we might liken to carefully worded instructions in a recipe/cook book ) put together all the amino acids/ ingredients, it calls for, in the correct order, and say ...’ Eureka'...' I know this recipe'...it’s the recipe for ‘ hemoglobin’ ( for instance ) ...In other words , this snippet of Dna or gene, provides all of the information/ instructions for making hemoglobin. ( it's symbollic obviously because it isn't hemoglobin, but just a code explaining how to make it )
Now if DNA was NOT a code/ symbolic language... intelligent scientists could never repeatedly make the quantum leap from identifing Dna nucleotides , numbering literally billions, inclusive of tens of thousands of genes...TO saying ' aha' ...here's the blueprints/recipe for literally tens of thousands of different proteins
Surely the precept that DNA=' A CODE ' argument is on SOLID / NEIGH IRREFUTABLE GROUND EH ? Unless u think, all those geneticists have been making lucky guesses all along ?
Ok let's move on...
__________________
Camanintx :
...( you need to show that DNA has been ) composed by an intelligent mind.
Well what I’m doing here is making an ‘ argument based on inference.’ Because every other comparable code we know about ( or can even imagine ) requires an intelligent mind to create/ devise it. It is therefore quite reasonable to ‘ infer’ that the same must be true of DNA , based on our understanding/ untold centuries of experience with symbolic codes/ languages....
...Arguing otherwise would basically be akin to asserting that this MESSAGE mindlessly/ randomly wrote itself...WHICH WOULD BE SHEER NONSENSE ! ( not to mention far far more improbable that randomly picking two dozen scrabble squares , in the correct sequence, out of a hat ! )
There are many other variations of this DNA=AN INTELLIGENT CODE argument/ requiring an Intelligent Author ( sorry I don’t know the name of its originator ) some delve deeply into ‘ information theory’ and also into a derivation ( some would day a bastardization ) of the second Law of Thermodynamics , known ( in this case ) as ‘ Informational entropy’
Dna DOES contain information ( so the ‘ Informational entropy’ argument goes ) and since ALL informational sequences/ information carrying signals etc , IF EXPOSED TO THE RANDOM FORCES OF CHAOS, invariably degrade over time, ( Note Bien ) they never but NEVER increase in complexity / information carrying capacity by sheer chance... it follows, that biological evolution CANNOT have been underpinned by random mutations/ blind Darwinian forces...
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_________________* ADDENDUM * : I would be remiss if I didn't point out that my above description of how the genetic code works, is a colossal OVERSIMPLIFICATION . The Human genome project has only been able to roughly identify /guestimate 20-30,000 genes in total, on human Dna, which ( so they say ) couldn’t come close to containing all of the instructions/informational data needed to fashion and sustain beings such as ourselves.
The ‘ central Dogma of Genetics’ ( which declared one gene = one protein ) is now widely believed to be defunct. Geneticists now suspect that most human proteins are actually made from multiple genes. The Dna from multiple genes, is first transcribed into various snippets of Rna, and then even smaller snippets of this Rna, gets recombined with various snippets from different RNA strands ( derived originally from different segments of Dna/ different genes ) ...This subsequently , allows for all manner of permutations and combinations ( BUT THIS PROCESS IS NOT RANDOM, cause there’s specific enzymes responsible for all of this ! )
Generally speaking, Scientists DO KNOW what a specific section of Dna ( known as a gene ) says/encodes for if considered in ISOLATION... but when it's transcribed- Rna data, is subsequently recombined with parts of other RNA strands, ... This adds MANY MANY MANY more layers of complexity...almost as if I had a computer program, which allowed my posting here to convey multiple ( but till completely meaningful ) messages at the same time !
One of the central figures in the Human Genome Project , Craig Ventnor ( who btw is a proponent of Intelligent Design ! ) said something to the effect that : ' we scientists know almost nothing about genetics...compared to all that which is still unknown'
Ventors frank admission should provide a note of caution , to today's oft times Smug Genetic Engineers engaged in transferring genes across previously sacrosant ( for the most part ) species lines... many of these reckless G.E.'s I would liken to MAD SCIENTISTS !!!...but I digress...
Also Camanintx : I disagree that most DNA mutations if random would be neutral...The vast majority of Genetic errors, should they occur in a gene, DO tend to be harmful in very short order , if not DEADLY...
Remember the hemoglobin example ? only a single altered Amino Acid , one out of 287, produced a 25 percent DEATH RATE ...This could be accomplished by a single nucleic change in the corresponding gene ...resulting in a Codon which said : ' don’t give me this AA, give me that one instead '
As for the rest of your commentary ( in a related post ) ...very little is known about that part of DNA where no genes reside...which scientists used to call ‘ Junk DNA’...BUT most geneticists now believe that ' junk DNA' is anything but junk ( if may have a crucial role to play in fetal development for example + so-ooooo much more )
...Let’s recall that scientists can only guestimate the number of human genes, at this point, and they're unanimous in saying that these known / suspected genes CAN"T come close to carrying enough data to account for the complexity of organisms such as ourselves...
****
as for the rest of your comments Camanintx ...I fear YOU STILL DON’T GET IT !
Random mutations, have to fashion a fully functioning gene , first and foremost ( at the very minimum ! )...in order to produce something valuable ...a single novel protein in this case...Which Natural Selection can then say : ' yeah baby ! Give me more of that
Before That Happens ... there’s NOTHING NOVEL / NADA / ZILCH...of value for Natural Selection to Select ! GET IT ??? So we're not really evolving yet, much less moving toward novel organs/ species...we're basically just reshuffling pre-existing genes within an already existing species...which insofar as Darwin's proposed ' Origin of ( Novel ) Species' Goes...GETS US NO WHERE !
Since randomly/blindly producing a novel gene...is much much much much much much more difficult/less probable than just pulling the phrase ‘ Darwinism is impossible !’ blindly out of a hat ...my analogy remains completely appropos !
Whereas, your analogy does NOT hold any water...You can’t be picking and choosing the words you recognize and keeping them Kemosabey ( and call this Natural Selection ) ...Your example is NOT Darwinian !...You’re applying INTELLIGENCE to the problem and that’s CHEATING in a Darwinian world...Now if you’ve suddenly converted to the ‘ Intelligent Design’ hypothesis ...I stand corrected : )
In my opinion, even achieving a single novel gene via random mutation is naught but a pipe dream/ Darwinian fantasy... and in this OP I'm far from alone !
To demonstrate the sheer ‘ impossibility’ of a blind ‘ macro-evolution’, mathematician Murray Eden ( employing a mainframe computer ) developed statistical models based on a fast replicating and relatively simple species, known as E Coli bacteria. To be sporting Eden assumed that 5 trillion tons of E. coli , had encompassed the entire earth, to a depth of roughly one inch ( might have been 3 metres, I forget ) for some 5 billion years. Even in this absurdly optimistic scenario , the probability for the spontaneous emergence of just ‘ a single ordered pair of novel E Coli genes’, according to Eden , remained virtually nil !
Yup I know , I’ve talked about Eden’s Mathematical analysis before, but some here seem to need repetition from time to time In my estimation...
CHEERS AGAIN GANG/ GOTTA FLY/ BYE