Any claim has to be stated in such a way that it can be shown to be false. For example if I say all crows are black, that is a falsifiable claim because all someone has do to falsify it is to find a crow of a different colour. If I claim that all the green crows are invisible, no one can prove otherwise because that is not a falsifiable claim. In other words, one has to make a reasonable claim.
Wikipedia gives this version of the "argument from cause" ─
Since the Universe could, under different circumstances, conceivably
not exist (contingency), its existence must have a cause – not merely another contingent thing, but something that exists by
necessity (something that
must exist in order for anything else to exist).
Implicit in this is a timeline with a starting point.
And at the starting point, the coming into existence of the universe from a literal and absolute nothing.
But what if time exists BECAUSE eg mass-energy exists? Then the apparent starting point is not a starting point at all.
And if there had been an absolute nothing, then there would be no such thing as the contents of the Big Bang (mass-energy and the basic particles, as we presently think), and no dimensions of space or of time, hence nowhere and nowhen for anything to happen.
Therefore the far more coherent argument is that the contents of the Big Bang pre-existed our universe, and that time and space exist because (at the least) those contents exist.
Thus if God exists then "God" is a synonym for the pre-existing state of things in which the Big Bang occurred and need not be (and certainly does not appear to be) sentient, rational, purposeful, or active independently of the rules of physics.
Wikipedia also sets out Pruss's version of Leibnitz's argument ─
- Every contingent fact has an explanation.
- There is a contingent fact that includes all other contingent facts.
- Therefore, there is an explanation of this fact.
- This explanation must involve a necessary being.
- This necessary being is God.
Unfortunately for the argument, the "necessary being" is subject to the same argument; again, there is no reason why the "necessary being" must be sentient, rational, purposeful, or active independently of the rules of physics.
Finally, the sequences envisaged by the arguments are chains of cause+effect ─ in the old arguments, 'cause' in one of the various flavors of cause set out by Aristotle and latterly 'cause' in the sense classically used in the physical sciences.
But in QM there are countless events across the universe every second that have no cause in the classical sense. Examples include the spontaneous emission of any particle in the course of radioactive decay, and the phenomena that cause the Casimir effect.