In general, in Denmark people are raised to not hurt animals, it's part of raising children I would say. So I think that could be said to be a cultural thing because it is obviously something that has been taught through generations. And this will then be reflected in society and then the laws.
So I found this:
Denmark's Animal Welfare Act of 2013 requires anyone keeping animals to ensure adequate housing, feeding, watering, and care with regard for physiological, ethological, and health needs in agreement with established practical and scientific knowledge. The act therefore prohibits both direct abuse and neglect.
if the Danes didn't care, these laws wouldn't be there as they wouldn't be highly reflected in society as being a big issue. And even if you have a poor country it doesn't naturally follow that you ought to treat animals badly.
China:
There are currently no nationwide laws in China that explicitly prohibit the mistreatment of animals, except for a more generic law protecting wildlife.
Bangladesh:
Unnecessary cruelty is also prohibited, according to the Act, and penalized with a fine for up to BDT 200 (~ USD 2.33), or imprisonment for up to 6 months, or both. Section 7 provides that a person shall not kill an animal in an unnecessarily cruel manner.
I'm pressed for time this week, so I'll have to summarize my points as much as I can.
I agree that culture has a role in how a society treats animals, of course, but my point is that culture is also influenced and shaped by other factors, and vice versa. Consider how some ethnic minorities in some countries have above-average rates of crime, incarceration, violence, etc. Someone could look at that situation and say, "Their culture is awful! That's why they have these issues." Another could look at the same situation and analyze
why it has become that way by considering the different factors—such as socioeconomic, historical, and political issues—that have contributed to it and how to address those.
I'm not saying that poverty naturally leads to animal abuse; that would be an extreme overgeneralization. I'm only saying that economic problems are sometimes among numerous other factors that contribute to overall deterioration in human and animal rights in some countries. Also, there's vast variation in individual behavior toward animals even in societies that one could generally perceive to have a culture of accepting or enabling animal abuse, so would it be fair to paint the entire culture or country with the negative brush when many positive examples also existed?
The gray and more complicated areas of human behavior tend to interest me a lot, as do the different ways in which one could analyze them. So, for example, it would probably be easy for an animal abuser to get away with their actions in a country with lax animal welfare laws and relatively widespread normalization of said abuse, and it would probably be easy for someone to vocally object to animal abuse in a country with robust animal welfare laws and relatively widespread rejection thereof.
But now, similarly to my earlier hypothetical, imagine a Dane who had to live in a country with a lack of laws protecting animals and relative normalization of cruel wet markets, mistreatment of stray animals, etc. Further, imagine that this Dane had to pass by such a wet market every day on the way to work, or by people beating their mules, donkeys, horses, etc., with a stick or whipping them.
What, if anything, would this Dane be able to do in that situation to prevent or minimize the frequent abuse? Would he be able to talk to every single person who committed it, or would he have to live with a realization that this wouldn't always work or help? And if he did talk to them every single time, how much change would that lead to as opposed to merely getting in trouble with many people, possibly without causing any change?
This is the kind of conflicting, gray, and nuanced situation that many people have to face, which is a major part of why I'm not comfortable asserting that every single person in such a situation is necessarily accepting of abuse or being apathetic to it. It's usually also difficult to know whether they have talked to abusers when they have thought that doing so would lead to a helpful outcome. I know for a fact that many people's conscience is at odds with what they see but that they also know they sometimes can't change certain things on their own, and such people include friends from other countries who lived in my country for years and experienced situations similar to the hypothetical I detailed above.