You want an example, so I'll make one up.
Funny. What's wrong? Couldn't find a
real world example after several centuries of ongoing scientific research carried out by thousands upon thousands upon thousands of scientists all over the world?
"Bob" looks around him and observes that the world appears to be flat. But because he can't see it all at the same time, he decides to use "science" to test his theory. So he gets a level, holds it up to the horizon and observes that as far as he can see, 360 degrees around, the horizon is indeed perpendicular to the pull of gravity. It is "level" in all directions, and therefor the Earth must be 'flat'. But to be sure, (maybe the Earth is a really big hill) he will have to test for level in as many 'far-flung' locations as he can. Which he does. And sure enough, no matter where he goes, or what direction he faces, the horizon remains perpendicular to the pull of gravity. So he reports to his fellow humans that the Earth is indeed, flat.
Whereupon his somewhat skeptical fellow scientists set out to repeat his experiment, and see if they get the same results. And sure enough, they all get the same results. So that now a consensus has been established, and they all can agree that the Earth is indeed, flat.
That's a strange example, considering his skeptical fellow scientists come up with
different tests, which involved the sun also, and came up with with a different conclusion and disagreed that the earth was flat but spherical instead.
Eratosthenes of Cyrene even came up with a nifty method using the sun to calculate the circumference of the earth with pretty good accuracy.
Funny how your own example actually exposes the nonsense you are are spouting.
Here's the part that you seem to be missing: the peer review process, exists primarily because out of principle, you (as a scientist)
do not trust the results of your peers. This is why you repeat the experiments, double and triple check the methods used (including evaluation of the assumptions, which -btw- the original author is expected to clearly formulate in his paper in full disclosure) and double check the results.
This is also why
next to repeating the experiments, you also design
new experiments to test the conclusion even further.
In your own example, that is what was done. Bob in your example uses rather inadequate methods. If the earth is a giant sphere, his method wouldn't detect that. The results would be the same. So really, his experiment is poorly designed, as it could potentially yield false positives.
So
new tests are done which are more sophisticated. Like the position of the sun and the angle of the sunrays (and shadows) are brought into it and that from various different locations.
So more data is gathered, more rigorous tests are done and Bob's conclusion is overturned in the process, to be replaced with a more accurate one.
All you have to do is read the posts, and you will easily see the faith these folks endow a "consensus of objective observation" with. It carries the weight of God, Himself, almost.
So far, you haven't given a real-world example of this.
The one example you gave was made up, as per your own admission, and you even managed to screw that one up.