And, yet, the idea of being inferior, not quite human, like us, is there. So whether the egg or the chicken came first is not quite the problem. This concept that 'those over there' are inferior to us, so we can suppress them, take their land, force them into slavery, etc. - is nonetheless, part and package of evolutionary thinking whether the term was coined earlier or later. Darwin didn't come on the scene of the world without the conditions for his teachings being ready for them. It wasn't just him, it was the view of the world in treating the newly 'inferior' and uncivilized parts of the world.
The whole concept we see where in movies we see the ship sail up to some part of the world, the sailors, captain step off ship and plant the flag claiming this territory for Britain, Holland, Spain, or some other world power - no matter that people already lived there and owned these lands - is a concept of our superiority and their being savages, inferior, know-nothings. Thus, the inevitable birth of Evolution was on the march by this image we had of our own superiority. and 'their' obvious inferiority. Only countries in which the captain and the ship would have been killed had they done that avoided this even though later even such places as Japan had ultimatums posed to them, if memory serves. Even such places as China didn't avoid this stamp of inferiority, their immigrants being considered so low that in some places killing a china-man was not even murder. This clearly was not according to Christian dogma.
As I said at first, imo, a kind of pseudo Christian-evolutionary, even atheist, thinking was at work here. That Evolution later got rid of god is another question, and finally it became a movement in its own right. In doing that, we again see though that nothing moral was attached to this teaching that so many embraced and it showed.