No, it doesn't. It's more complex than that.
Bible Gateway passage: Romans 11 - New International Version
The Jewish people are still very much a part of God's plan. Yes, the destruction of the Temple and the scattering of the Jewish people throughout the world is traditionally viewed as a punishment from God for rejecting Christ (as a people, because there were always Jewish people who converted to Christianity, obviously), in Christian thought. However, this just follows the same general theme throughout the Bible of God's people rebelling against Him and God dealing with it in various ways.
The thinking is, and you see that in Paul's writings above, that God is focusing on the spread of the Gospel throughout the world. The Jewish people basically have "spiritual blinders" on and will not accept Christ en masse but for an act of God towards the end of history, which is when they are envisioned as repenting of their rejection of Christ and accepting Him. You can find that in Revelation.
He didn't just abandon them or they don't serve a purpose anymore. They do. Thinking that the Covenant with the Jewish people was just tossed out of the window isn't the correct way of viewing it. It was fulfilled and expanded to the rest of humanity, which was kind of the point in the first place (Judaism just pushes those things into the Messianic age where everyone will recognize the God of Israel).
Paul also warns against Gentile Christians boasting and looking down on Jews since we were in rebellion against God ourselves before Christ came, so we have no room to judge and we still fall into rebellion (most "Christian" countries are essentially apostate at this point, particularly in the West). There isn't any room for hating Jews as a people there, let alone violence. The Christians who treated Jewish people in such horrible ways will have to answer for their own sins.
As Paul said:
"Just as you who were at one time disobedient to God have now received mercy as a result of their disobedience, 31 so they too have now become disobedient in order that they too may now[h] receive mercy as a result of God’s mercy to you." Not any room for Nazism and such like there.