I believe it is the Byzantine Empire. It is part Roman and part eastern. Some of the emperors had an Armenian ancestry.
Why guess when the Bible give us the answer loud and clear?
How much louder do people want it sounded?
It's so clear as to make one go Wow at people continually guessing at all sorts of ideas.
Who's going to whisper it in your ear, if you wave the back of your hand at the angel - Gabriel at that.
Please, consider what the Bible tells us..
(Daniel 2:19-21)
19 Then
the secret was revealed to Daniel in a vision at night. So Daniel praised the God of heaven.
20 Daniel declared: “Let the name of God be praised for all eternity, For wisdom and mightiness are his alone.
21 He changes times and seasons, Removes kings and sets up kings, Gives wisdom to the wise and knowledge to those with discernment.
(Daniel 2:36, 37)
36 “This is the dream, and
we will now tell the king its interpretation. 37 You, O king - the king of kings to whom the God of heaven has given the kingdom, the might, the strength, and the glory,
(Daniel 2:38-40)
38 . . .
you yourself are the head of gold.
39 “But after you another kingdom will rise, inferior to you; then another kingdom, a third one, of copper, that will rule over the whole earth. 40 “
As for the fourth kingdom, it will be strong like iron. For just as iron crushes and pulverizes everything else, yes, like iron that shatters, it will crush and shatter all of these.
It's
a succession of kingdoms.
Daniel identifies only the first kingdom represented by king Nebuchadnezzar - Babylon. That's easy.
However, we are left with a question mark. Who are the second, third, and fourth?
We are not left in the dark for long.
Daniel is still in Babylon, when another king - Belshazzar - requires an interpretation.
Here is an artist's depiction of the account.
(Daniel 5:25-28)
25 And
this is the writing that was inscribed: MEʹNE, MEʹNE, TEʹKEL, and PARʹSIN.
26 “
This is the interpretation of the words: MEʹNE, God has numbered the days of your kingdom and brought it to an end.
27 “TEʹKEL, you have been weighed in the balances and found lacking.
28 “PEʹRES, your kingdom has been divided and given to the Medes and the Persians.”
Babylon would fall to the Medes and Persians - the second kingdom..
Sure enough, God did not lie.
What about the third?
The angel Gabriel answers that question with vivid imagery.
Daniel has a dream.
The Bible account reads...
(Daniel 8:15-22)
15 While I, Daniel, was watching the vision and seeking to understand it, suddenly I saw standing in front of me someone who appeared to be a man.
16 Then I heard the voice of a man in the midst of the Ulai, and he called out:
“Gabriel, make that one understand what he saw.” 17 So he came near to where I was standing, but when he came I was so terrified that I fell facedown. He said to me: “Understand, O son of man, that the vision is for the time of the end.” 18 But while he was speaking with me, I fell fast asleep with my face to the ground. So he touched me and made me stand up where I had been standing. 19 Then he said: “Here I am causing you to know what will happen in the final part of the denunciation, because it is for the appointed time of the end. 20 “The two-horned ram that you saw stands for the kings of Media and Persia. 21 The hairy male goat stands for the king of Greece; and the great horn that was between its eyes stands for the first king. 22 As for the horn that was broken, so that four stood up instead of it, there are four kingdoms from his nation that will stand up, but not with his power.
The goat totally demolished the ram.
Yes. God did not lie. Greece conquered Media Persia.
Gabriel identifies Greece as the successor of Media Persia. Greece is the third kingdom.
As we can see, the prophecy continues beyond Alexander the Great's rule.
Now the mysterious fourth king.
It's not a mystery for those with understanding and discernment.
For the answer, we leave Daniel, and we let John tell us what the angel reveals to him.
(Revelation 17:3) And
he carried me away in the power of the spirit into a wilderness. And I saw a woman sitting on a scarlet-colored wild beast that was full of blasphemous names and that had seven heads and ten horns.
(Revelation 17:9-11)
9 “This calls for a mind that has wisdom:
The seven heads mean seven mountains, where the woman sits on top. 10 And there are seven kings: Five have fallen, one is, and the other has not yet arrived; but when he does arrive, he must remain a short while. 11 And the wild beast that was but is not, it is also an eighth king, but it springs from the seven, and it goes off into destruction.
During John's time, five kingdoms had fallen, and one is. There are seven.
The kingdom that was present in John's day, was Rome.
So all we need to to, to be sure of the fourth king in Daniel Chapter 2, is either take a historical journey back, or a Biblical journey forward.
Both journeys give the same results.
Historical
Rome conquered
Greece and succeeded it.
Greece conquered
Media Persia and succeeded it.
Media Persia conquered
Babylon and succeeded it.
Babylon conquered
Assyria and succeeded it.
At the Fall of Harran (609 BC), the Babylonians and Medes defeated an Assyrian-Egyptian alliance, after which Assyria largely ceased to exist as an independent state. A last defeat at Harran ended the Assyrian Empire.
Interesting how historical evidence confirms these world powers.
There is no mention of a large battle between the Egyptians, Assyrians, Babylonians and Medes in 608 BC, which would have been mentioned in contemporary sources as it marked conflict of the four greatest military powers of their day,
Assyria conquered and succeeded
Egypt.
Biblical
So when we really consider the Bible, there really is no need to guess.
Figuring out the seventh king might not be that easy, but this is where the earthly part of Gods organization is important.