One aspect I am curious about is how so many refugees could exist in light of Islam's attitude on charity. As is well known, giving alms and helping the poor is a pillar of Islam ("zakkat"). Does Allah allow so many refugees in order to test how Muslims will demonstrate charity? If so, what judgement should the world make on how well Muslims achieve this aspiration of their religion?
Zakat is one of the pillars of Islam meaning that every muslim should give 2.5% of his zakat to people. I think there are 8 kinds of people who are entitled to be given Zakat. Zakat is a pillar, not to be confused with "Sadaka". Sadaka is also giving money or food or clothes, but it is not a must for every muslim, it is something that would give extra rewards.
Unfortunately, I have seen very very few muslims paying Zakat in my area and I think it is the same in the most countries. Not all called muslims are practicing Islam.
God created the world to work in a certain way. There is a cause effect. Our actions and other people actions have consequences. There is a trillion variable in the area other than religion. We can't just expect that because people are on Islam and following the right religion that there will be no more suffering and the other stuff will be trivial.
I don't know why people get the notion that if one is following the right religion and worshiping the right God, suffering would disappear. That is not the case. Although he will be in peace with himself and grateful to Allah, he may still struggle in the material life.
Following the right religion doesn't mean that the suffering will magically disappear. But however, these suffering may become trivial to individuals. That is why you may see a person having everything he ever wanted and yet he is unhappy and commits suicide at the end, and a person who is having a harsh life, yet still smiles and he is thankful for what he has and he lives in peace with himself.