it is not, even according to the definition you yourself provided. Science does not deal with superhuman agencies, nor does it engage in devotional and ritual observances. Science certainly does not give a moral code to conduct human affairs. Also, science is not a set of beliefs, it is a set of empirically provable laws. I don't see how you can compare science to religion.
Fair enough. I made sure to include that latter part of the definition so we could have this very discussion.
Recall that I said I wanted to work out common definitions between us for discussion, and I said that Science(1) was a method (proceeding from empirical observations to determine laws), and Science(2) is a religion.
Let's take a look at what role religion plays in people's lives. Just about everyone I've ever had a serious conversation with about the subject has wondered what the purpose of creation is, what is its nature, and why we are here. Religion, in my opinion, attempts to address this very fundamental need within people. The fact of the matter is, everone has a "world view", whether they openly acknowledge it, give name to it, or can even loosely describe it.
In this sense, religion is a form of personal
philosophy, which differs from other philosophies perhaps in its reliance upon "superhuman agencies" to explain many of its related concepts. I'm making the case that science in our culture has become another
de facto philosophy that bears many similiarities to the major religions of the world.
I'm going to ask Ann Rand to help me out a minute here with a handy quote:
Ann Rand said:
A philosophic system is an integrated view of existence. As a human being, you have no choice about the fact that you need a philosophy. Your only choice is whether you define your philosophy by a conscious, rational, disciplined process of thought and scrupulously logical deliberation -- or let your subconscious accumulate a junk heap of unwarranted conclusions, false generalizations, undefined contradictions, undigested slogans, unidentified wishes, doubts and fears, thrown together by chance, but integrated by your subconscious into a kind of mongrel philosophy and fused into a single, solid weight: self-doubt, like a ball and chain in the place where your mind's wings should have grown.
Science tries to do better. Science(1) as the method tries to proceed carefully from recorded observations, attempting to isolate conditions when possible to extrapolate from repeatable behavior. But what influence has this had over our own culture and society? Children grow up today in a technological society. Computers are everywhere. As I mentioned in earlier posts, I think even "religious" people have allowed the prevailing scientific conclusions to dominate their "philosophic system". My point is that we have allowed "science" to exist in our minds and our culture as a form of "default philosophy".
Empirically proven? I almost think that is an oxymoron. All you know is that you made a series of observations, and drew some conclusions hoping that, yes, on the 1001 trial you will get a similar result. But we all know that's not necessarily the case. Look at Newtonian mechanics. It looks great until you start getting into relativistic speeds. Science relies upon a number of "fundamental principles", each of which is itself merely an assumption.
These are religious forums, right? They aren't science forums. I'm a trained scientist myself, and I love trying to figure things out and understand how things work. I posted in this thread because I'm trying to lead up to making a case--that many of the assumptions in our default philosophy are incorrect, and that science has ingrained itself so much in our culture that it is pretty much a religion now. So much so that I can't even have a conversation with some people without them thinking I'm challenging their beliefs (I don't mean you--you seem quite reasonable). What does that sound like to you? I get the same thing when I want to discuss the validity of some point in religion with someone.
Devotional and ritual observances? What about blogging, Facebook, computer games, yes, even online forums
? If aliens landed and saw how much time we spend in front of computers (to say nothing of television) every day, they would think that we were engaged in devotional and ritual observances. Also, look at our school textbooks. We indoctrinate our children right from youth to believe in concrete realism. That's a philosophy, and it's the one that science (2) most strongly supports.
Edit:
I forgot to talk about moral code. The fact is, when people on the street start talking about things that contradict our current popular understanding of science, people start thinking that person is crazy or stupid. Science very much regulates our conduct--we are even afraid to think about things that are not "proven" or phenomena in our consciousness that contradicts what scientists of our time think. This part is a much longer discussion, and I've already written a wall of text (sorry!).
So, strictly speaking, you are right. Science(2) doesn't fit the definition of a religion in its literal definition. From a practical, day to day perspective, science has become the
de facto religion of the western world.
(Keep in mind I separated Science(1) as a method as something different than the point I'm trying to make. If we want to talk about science the method, I agree that occupies a different space in our conceptual world.)