Many of the Early Church fathers held doctirnes even you would consider heretical, that was the point of the Nicene Coucil, to decided who was on to something and who was off base.
To be honest, virtually ALL of the Church Fathers held doctrines I'd consider heretical, even Arius. Just because I agree with SOME of their views, like Justin Martyr calling Jesus an Angel or Iraneus considering Enoch and the Shepherd of Hermas to be Inspired, doens't mean I agree with their other beliefs. I'm sure they thought the sky was blue, even if we disagreed on what books were canon or how to interpret what Jesus meant.
A lack of a definitive article was one way of having an indefinite article, however that lack of a definite article didn't automatically mean an a indefinite article
You're halfway right, ,but only halfway. The implied indefinite article does not always apply, HOWEVER, Theos/Theon in pretty much all of the other times requires an article or a grammatical indicator to know that it's referring to THE god, the "god of the gods". Such as "In beginning", doesn't need an article, it's simply the way we would say "At evening", or "In school", or "At work". The arguments against it involve straw men versions of the grammatical interpretation or flat out dishonesty such as shifting the word to "Theou" instead of the Theos/Theon form.
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As for John 1:18 as that Article attempts to debunk, it can be read as
"A god no one has ever seen". However, Moses apparently saw G-d "face to face", so was it really talking about G-d who no one has ever seen? So it's probably talking about the "god" (angel) known as Jesus who no one had seen until then. An uncommon translation perhaps, but consistent at least.
As for John 1:4, there's no reason to NOT read it as "A life", even if it doesn't make sense in your interpretation. "IN him was a life", does it mean "In him was the totality of life itself"? No. It means there was "life" in him, a separate life from the concept of "Life altogether".
As for John 1:6, this proves the article's either ignorance or deliberate dishonesty, the word is THEOU.