Friend Fatihah, From the above response, I interpreted 3 possible conditions in the text of the Qur'an. 1. Parable, 2. Verses, 3. To be taken literally.
When you said "As for the verses, since neither is the case, it should be taken literally." I supposed that you we're implying that the items:
were in category 2. (Verses). which according to you, should also be taken literally. Is that correct?
Response: Yes. The verses are to be taken literally, unless the qur'an says otherwise. For example, in chapter 14:24-26, we read:
"Dost thou not see how Allah sets forth a parable of a good word? It is like a good tree, whose roots is firm and whose branches reach into heaven?
It brings forth its fruit at all times by the command of its Lord. And Allah sets forth parables for men that they may be reminded.
And the case of an evil word is like that of an evil tree, which is uprooted from above the earth and has no stability".
As you can see, it specifically says "how" and "why" parables are used. When Allah speaks of good, He does so in a beautiful way, with metaphors like, "a good tree", etc. Whereas when Allah speaks of wrong doing, He speaks of it in a harsh way, in an effort to warn humankind from such behavior. When a parable is spoken of, the qur'an will point out that it is just that, a parable. An example is chapter 13:17 which says,
"He sends down water from the sky that valleys flow according to their measure and the flood bears on its surface swelling foam. And from that which they heat in the fire, seeking to make ornaments or utensils, comes out of a foam similar to it. Thus does Allah demonstrate truth and falsehood. Now,as to the foam, it goes away as rubbish and perishes but as to that which benefits men, it stays in the earth. Thus does Allah set forth parables."
As you can see, the verse itself says that it is a parable. Of course there is no foam on the earth's surface from rain. The foam is mentioned as a parable to falsehood. Whereas truth is destined to wash away falsehood, just like rain is destined to washaway foam. That from the command of Allah comes what is good for us. However, from His creation can also come what is not so good. It is for us to choose what is beneficial to us and disregard what is not, hence the foam. The foam is used as a metaphor and should not be taken literally. So if the verse says that it's a parable, it's a parable. If it does not, then one should not take it as such.