TG123456 said:
I don't believe the Bible to be 100% correct or infallible, although I am a Christian.
However, nowhere does the Bible say that human beings were all created from dirt. This was true of Adam, but nowhere is it stated this is true for everyone else.
The only way you can prove the Bible's claim about Adam to be wrong... or right... would be to find his body and see what it was made of. Unfortunately, in most likelihood, it no longer exists.
The thing is that myths of humans being made out of the earth, predated centuries before the Genesis was ever written. Most likely the author(s) of Genesis have borrowed from the Mesopotamian sources:
- The Eridu Genesis is a fragmented Sumerian poem about creation of humans and the Flood, with the Deluge hero being Ziusudra. The Eridu Genesis have been dated to the late 3rd millennium BCE, most likely during the 3rd dynasty of Ur. The story say that An, Enlil, Ea and Ninhursag were responsible for creating the black-headed people, hence the Sumerians, but the poem break off how they were created, but judging by the similarities between this story and the Epic of Atrahasis, the Eridu Genesis source is source for Atrahasis.
- Another Sumerian poem - Enki and Ninhursag - was written around the same period as the Eridu Genesis. These deities created humans from clay.
- The Song of Hoe, a story in which the Sumerian Enlil created humans with his hoe.
- The Sumerian poem of Gilgames and the Netherworld, doesn't describe the creation of man, but it does speak of the gods dividing the heaven (sky) from earth (as do the Enki and Ninhursag narrative), and from the sea and dry land, similar to that in Genesis 1's 2nd day of creation.
Then there are Akkadian and Old (and Middle) Babylonian sources, whom use, copy or borrow from the older Sumerian sources.
- The Epic of Atrahasis was Akkadian version of Sumerian creation and flood story, which i have alread mentioned above. Humans were made from clay and the blood of slain god (of intelligence), Ilawela.
The ancient Israelites may not have learn or heard from Mesopotamian stories, directly from the Sumerians, but they certainly did learn Akkadians and Babylonians in the Bronze Age 2nd millennium BCE, or from the Iron Age Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian sources of 1st millennium BCE.
The story of Gilgamesh and some of the Sumerian-Akkadian deities were so popular that they can be found in the west, such as in Bronze Age Hittite and Hurrian empires, in the city of Ugarit (north-west Syria), and even in Egypt, as well as some fragments of tablets, found in Megiddo, Israel.
Creation through which the god speak the word, like incantation, like Genesis 1:3, "Let there be light...", is not a uniquely, Hebrew religion/myth. In Memphis, Egypt, the supreme god Ptah used words to create the world. And the Heliopolian myths of Ra, Isis and Thoth, all used word of power, to create or to destroy. The word have powers, and they can used those words, to create something out of nothing.
And creating humans of earth, dust, soil or clay, is not unique in Genesis. But regardless where all these stories come from, they are still myths, with no scientific basis.
At least with Abiogenesis (not Evolution), we know that every gene, particularly the DNA, is made out of organic compound - the amino acid.
Sources:
All links to the Sumerian stories, come the website,
The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature (ETCSL), from the Oxford University.
I have other sources, books of Sumerian, Akkadian and Babylonian myths, at home:
Thorkild Jacobsen, The Harps that Once...: Sumerian Poetry in Translation, Yale University Press, 1997
Andrew George, Epic of Gilgamesh, Penguin Classics, 1999.
Stephanie Dalley, Myths From Mesopotamia: Creation, The Flood, Gilgamesh, and Others, Oxford World's Classics, 1991 (revised edition 2000). (Translations to the myths of Atrahasis, Gilgamesh, and the Enuma Elish, can be found in this book.)
Stories of that include some Mesopotamian deities can be found in the following collections of translations:
Simon B. Parker, Ugaritic Narrative Poetry, SBL (Society of Biblical Literature), 1997.
Harry A. Hoffner, Jr., Hittite Myths, SBL (Society of Biblical Literature), 2nd ed. 1998.