To this I have to say "So?" Why must we recognize certain attributes in order to realize it is human?
Why! Because mere human tissue is not evidence of personhood; otherwise the
HeLa cells used in medical research, would have to be given the same human rights that anti-abortion crusaders want to grant to embryoes.
And yes, of course it is dependent upon the mother for its incubation.
Then that makes it "contingent" life -- or life that cannot exist without the consent (or lack of consent) of the person who is keeping that person alive. Nevermind that in the abortion issue, we are talking about life that has no sense of awareness, even if it was conscious life, there are still ethical problems with forcing someone to keep a dependent person alive. Back in 1970, just before the Roe vs. Wade decision was handed down -- which removed restrictions on early stage abortions, a Harvard ethicist named Judith Jarvis Thompson, constructed several thought experiment problems to give outsiders a little insight into the problems of competing interests.
One of them --
The Violinist presents a scenario where someone in the hospital for a simple operation, wakes to discover that their IV tube is connected to another man in the next bed....and we're informed that this man is a renowned concert violinist who needs our blood, and will die if we refuse to stay connected for the next....let's say....nine months! Even though this is a fully conscious human by any definition, are we obligated to forego are own privacy and freedoms to save that other person?
I propose, then, that we grant that the fetus is a person from the moment of conception. How does the argument go from here? Something like this, I take it. Every person has a right to life. So the fetus has a right to life. No doubt the mother has a right to decide what shall happen in and to her body; everyone would grant that. But surely a person's right to life is stronger and more stringent than the mother's right to decide what happens in and to her body, and so outweighs it. So the fetus may not be killed; an abortion may not be performed.
It sounds plausible. But now let me ask you to imagine this. You wake up in the morning and find yourself back to back in bed with an unconscious violinist. A famous unconscious violinist. He has been found to have a fatal kidney ailment, and the Society of Music Lovers has canvassed all the available medical records and found that you alone have the right blood type to help. They have therefore kidnapped you, and last night the violinist's circulatory system was plugged into yours, so that your kidneys can be used to extract poisons from his blood as well as your own. The director of the hospital now tells you, "Look, we're sorry the Society of Music Lovers did this to you--we would never have permitted it if we had known. But still, they did it, and the violinist is now plugged into you. To unplug you would be to kill him. But never mind, it's only for nine months. By then he will have recovered from his ailment, and can safely be unplugged from you." Is it morally incumbent on you to accede to this situation? No doubt it would be very nice of you if you did, a great kindness. But do you have to accede to it? What if it were not nine months, but nine years? Or longer still? What if the director of the hospital says. "Tough luck. I agree. but now you've got to stay in bed, with the violinist plugged into you, for the rest of your life. Because remember this. All persons have a right to life, and violinists are persons. Granted you have a right to decide what happens in and to your body, but a person's right to life outweighs your right to decide what happens in and to your body. So you cannot ever be unplugged from him." I imagine you would regard this as outrageous, which suggests that something really is wrong with that plausible-sounding argument I mentioned a moment ago.
In this case, of course, you were kidnapped, you didn't volunteer for the operation that plugged the violinist into your kidneys. Can those who oppose abortion on the ground I mentioned make an exception for a pregnancy due to rape? Certainly. They can say that persons have a right to life only if they didn't come into existence because of rape; or they can say that all persons have a right to life, but that some have less of a right to life than others, in particular, that those who came into existence because of rape have less. But these statements have a rather unpleasant sound. Surely the question of whether you have a right to life at all, or how much of it you have, shouldn't turn on the question of whether or not you are a product of a rape. And in fact the people who oppose abortion on the ground I mentioned do not make this distinction, and hence do not make an exception in case of rape.
If a miscarriage happens for those reason then it happens. Really doesn't have anything to do with elective abortions though.
Only because there is no human agency involved. I ask the question, because as in many other cases, people who believe in active, involved, personal gods, do not hold those gods to the same standards of morality as they do to people.
Just because a life is dependent upon someone else it doesn't matter if there is any potential? What of those in comas or disabled and in need of care? Does their potential not matter because they are dependent?
And as the population ages, some of us who are in our mid-50's and older, and attending more and more funerals and visiting sick relatives in hospitals and nursing homes, are more concerned about these "sanctity of life" issues at the other end of the life's journey. That's actually where I've done most of my reading, and are most concerned about -- because the same rhetoric and bad arguments that demand that pregnant girls give birth to their rapist's babies are used to deny the terminally ill or those in chronic pain to end their lives when they wish to do so!
Really, what is the most moral and ethical thing to do would be to arm people with true reproductive knowledge and contraception methods. Until that is done we simply have to deal with what we have in the methods we have available. Demands need not be made, but education should be. How a person comes to terms with and values human life in different forms and stages is something they need to deal with internally. It is not something that can be forced universally no matter how many disagree with it.
If I can use one of the Palin daughters as an example -- children who are told to be abstinent and never have sex, are the most likely to end up as teenage moms. So, what do you do after the horses are already out of the barn? Saying 'you should have used contraception is of no value.....it should be noted that the most fanatical anti-abortion groups are also against most forms of contraception because of alleged abortifacient capacities....so a future run by the Rick Perrys and Michelle Bachmanns, or others on the far right, will turn back the clock, and future generations can learn why this, like so many other rightwing reactionary arguments create a horrible reality that past generations learned from and thought they had changed for the better! Failure to learn from history means repeating the same mistakes over and over again.