The way I approach this is to combine science with religion to see where they overlap. Creation places the age of the universe at about 6000 years. I asked myself, what science proven discoveries occurred in that carbon dated time scale? The answer is the invention of written language and the rise of stable civilization.
I can see evolution by natural selection for humans, happening up to the rise of civilization and written language. Once civilization forms and persists, man made environments appear, and man made selections start to add a wild card to natural selection for humans.
There must have been was an update in the human brain's operating system about 6000 years ago, since human behavior changes very drastically. In a sense, a new type of human appears who was no longer fully a part of nature; paradise. This new human became more civilized and willful. It is like a clock starts anew.
For example, natural selection would pick the most fit under various circumstances. How did the idea of blood lines ever form, where the selected people, are already selected ahead of time, detached from environmental circumstances? This is not natural selection, but appears to be a unique man made selection process, or some other form of modern human selection process; needs of collectivism. It also reflects a more open vision of the future, instead of living in the present like a natural animal. It was a remarkable update.
The bible to me is like an ancient diary of those new human early days, which were often explained using the thinking of that time; lacks 20/20 insight back then. But this is still valuable, since it gives us clues as to how we got here and how the modern brain's operating system is layered; science from religion.
except, that the bible as we know it, the oldest known texts of any biblical books, are less than 3000 years old…or to be more precise, not much older than 6th century BCE.
the earliest stories of Gilgamesh, exist in number of Sumerian poems to Bilgames, were 4300 years, with earliest mention of the flood hero, Ziusudra, in tablet that we know as the Death of Bilgames. Ziusudra reappeared in another 2 tablets, one older than the Bilgames poems, The Instructions of Shurrupak (24th century BCE), a dialogue between father (Shurrupak) and son (Ziusudra), and the other tablet (17th century BCE) known today as the Eridu Genesis, which included the creation of humans and the Deluge.
it is quite apparent, that both Bilgames (Gilgamesh) and Ziusudra existed in oral tradition forms, before their stories were committed to written forms, and both were popular enough, that they were translated, adapted and rewritten in Akkadian cuneiform (eg Epic of Atrahasis, Epic of Gilgamesh), during successive periods:
- Old Babylonian Empire (Amorite dynasty), c 1894 - c 1595 BCE (couple of tablets of the epic of Gilgamesh were preserved at the Pennsylvania Museum and Yale University.
- Middle Babylonian Empire (Kassite dynasty), 1595 - 1155 BCE (15th-14th centuries BCE tablet fragments of Gilgamesh epic, were discovered outside of Babylonia):
- Susa, a capital of Elam (western Iran).
- Hattusa, the ancient Hittite capital.
- Ugarit (now known as a town of Ras Shamra), in northwest Syria.
- Megiddo, a Canaanite city.
- Amarna, Akhenato’s capital in Egypt.
- Neo-Babylonian Empire (Chaldean dynasty), 626 - 539 BCE
The above were empires centred around its capital, Babylon. In each dynasties at Babylon, they were invaders (Amorites, Kassites & Chaldeans), but each dynasties have adopted the Akkadian culture, the Akkadian religion, the Akkadian language and the Akkadian cuneiform, even though these invaders were not Akkadians.
The other Akkadian-speaking people were the Assyrians from Assyria:
- Middle Assyrian Empire, c 1363 - 912 BCE
- Neo-Assyrian Empire, 911 - 612 BCE, the most famous version of the Epic of Gilgamesh were discovered, preserved in 12 tablets in the Library of Ashurbanipal, Nineveh
Unlike the Old Testament stories, the stories of Gilgamesh and that of Ziusudra/Atrahasis/Utnapishtim have far longer history, going as back as 3rd millennium BCE Sumer, eg Instructions of Shurrupak and the 5 Bilgames poems.
No such tablets, scrolls, books on Genesis exist in the 3rd millennium & the 2nd millennium BCE (Bronze Age).
Claiming that the Bible is “ancient diary” is stretching, as there are no single writer of the bible, nor did any Old Testament exist in the Bronze Age. Most likely, Adam, Noah, Abraham and Moses never existed as historical figures.
Writing, developed independently in pre-Sumerian Uruk (proto-cuneiform) and in Egypt (proto-hieroglyphs and proto-hieratic), during the later half of the 4th millennium BCE. These earliest writings, usually preserved names of people or their gods, and rudimentary bookkeeping of inventory. As centuries passed, cuneiform and hierogylphs became more refined and standardised, that literature grew from the later half of the 3rd millennium BCE.
In Sumer, the Sumerians commemorated the achievements of their rulers and wrote hymns to their gods. In Egypt, the Egyptians did the same thing, with their rulers and to their gods, with the most abundant writings preserved on the walls of pyramid interiors at Saqqara, dated from the Old Kingdom period, in 5th and 6th dynasties, hence they are known as the Pyramid Texts.
Although writings did exist during the kingdoms of Judah and Israel, contemporary history were nonexistent, from 10th to most of the 7th centuries BCE. The books of kings didn’t start until the last quarters of the 7th century BCE, eg King Josiah.