But does religion result in peoples becoming more or less evil?
I think religion has the unique capability of making people who do evil believe they are doing good instead of evil.
Like the infamous saying goes:
Good people will do good things and bad people will do bad things. But for good people to do bad things, that takes religion.
And while these otherwise good people do those bad things, they actually think they are doing good things, because their religion calls it "good".
People who look to religion for "morals" are, imo, morally bankrupt. Even if such results in them become "better" people. I consider them morally bankrupt, because ultimately their motivations are corrupt. And the only reason they end up being "better" is because they happened to pick a religion which commands behavior that is better then what they previously engaged in.
If their religion would command other, more evil, things, they'ld do them as well with the same conviction, still thinking they are doing good.
When you get your morals from a perceived authority, you are morally bankrupt. Even if those morals that are dictated to you are better then those you had before joining said religion.
Moral bankruptcy, is when you shift from "moral reasoning" to mere "obedience" without reasoning, questioning, thinking,...
If you give to charity because god commands you to, then your motivation is corrupt.
If you don't kill because god commands you to, then your motivation is corrupt.
If you give to charity and don't kill as a result of an understanding of an actual moral argument to motivate those things, for actual rational reasons, then it's a whole other ball game.
Because what happens when god commands you to kill someone?
Logic dictates that you should follow just like follow the commandment to give to charity, and it would be "good".
But there is no reasonable moral argument that could be made to excuse cold blooded murder.
Moral reasoning is vastly superior to mere obedience to a perceived authority.
The first is actual morality. The latter is the excuse give for "befehl ist befehl".