There are multiple philosophies that match the data, but only one philosophy is called science because it is naturalistic in nature. By default the science philosophy is going to be the best explanation, whether it matches the data closer than the other philosophy or not. Hence, philosophy determines what is taught in school, not the truth necessarily.
Science is not called 'science' because it is "naturalistic in nature".
The word 'science' comes from the latin "scientia" which means "knowledge".
...and what I highlighted in your post in red is where you went wrong.
Science IS what most closely matches the data. If new and different data/information/reproducible evidence/proof comes up, then the science on the subject changes accordingly. If new information comes along that disproves an old theory, then the old theory is thrown out or changed to fit the data.
This last bit is where many religions and philosophies differ from science/knowledge. With the former, there is adherence to the theories/myths/philosophy, even in the face of contradictory evidence.
We try to have the truth/facts/reality taught in schools; or at least that system of thought that 'matches the data closest'. Not wishful thinking that is without evidence, or even is flattly denied by the data.
Wellll....at least in public schools.
In science it often happens that scientists say, 'You know that's a really good argument; my position is mistaken,' and then they would actually change their minds and you never hear that old view from them again. They really do it. It doesn't happen as often as it should, because scientists are human and change is sometimes painful. But it happens every day. I cannot recall the last time something like that happened in politics or religion.
-- Carl Sagan