"In the field of
human genetics,
Mitochondrial Eve refers to the
matrilineal most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of
modern humans. In other words, she was the woman from whom
all living humans today descend, on their mother's side, and through the mothers of those mothers and so on, back until all lines converge on one person. Because all
mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is generally passed from mother to offspring without
recombination, all mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in every living person is directly descended from hers by definition. Mitochondrial Eve is the female counterpart of
Y-chromosomal Adam, the
patrilineal most recent common ancestor, although they lived thousands of years apart."
"Mitochondrial Eve is estimated to have lived around
200,000 years ago,
[2] most likely in East Africa,
[3] when
Homo sapiens sapiens (anatomically modern humans) were developing as a population distinct from other human sub-species."
Common fallacies
[edit] Not the only woman
One of the misconceptions of mitochondrial Eve is that since all women alive today descended in a
direct unbroken female line from her that she was the only woman alive at the time.
[10][11] Nuclear DNA studies indicate that the size of the ancient human population never dropped below tens of thousands. Other women alive at Eve's time have descendants alive today, but sometime in the past, each of their lines of descent included at least one male, thereby breaking the mitochondrial DNA lines of descent. By contrast, Eve's lines of descent to each person alive today includes precisely one purely
matrilineal line.
[10]
Not a contemporary of "Adam"
Sometimes mitochondrial Eve is assumed to have lived at the same time as
Y-chromosomal Adam, perhaps even meeting and mating with him. Like mitochondrial "Eve", Y-chromosomal "Adam" probably lived in Africa; however, this "Eve" lived much earlier than this
"Adam" perhaps some 50,000 to 80,000 years earlier.
[12]
Mitochondrial Eve - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
These should not be confused with adam and eve in the bible, but rather molecular DNA studies and modern humans origins.
Modern humans came out of africa around 200,000 years ago. There were other human sub speicies on the planet as well.