are these laws set out in the scriptures somewhere?
Not in a nice, neat little package.
But the idea is referenced all around.
From the site I cited, a list of what the commandments are and where they can be referenced:
Literally: Strange/foreign work/service - i.e. serving an idol or false deity. Prohibition against: Idolatry (the deification or worship of any object, creature, human being, or power other than the One True G-d.)
Commandment to: Believe and trust in G-d alone, as the Almighty Creator and Sustainer of the World.
This commandment includes the belief in G-d, that He is the creator of everything and He is constantly creating everything anew, and guides everything by His Providence. Indeed the very essence of life is to recognize and believe in the Supreme Being, the Creator of the universe, accepting His laws with awe and love. He is aware of our deeds, and His Providence is over all of creation.
Refer to: Exodus 20:3-4
Literally: Blessing the Divine Name. - i.e. Cursing G-d
Prohibition against: Blasphemy
Commandment to: Respect and praise G-d and His holy Names.
This commandment forbids cursing G-d (G-d forbid) in anyway. Trust and loyalty are crucial in life. Know that G-d is just, but humans cant comprehend our Creator, Who is infinite. One shouldnt extend his freedom of speech to the extreme of blasphemy. Dont speak against the One Who gave you speech!
Refer to: Leviticus 24:15
Literally: Spilling blood
Prohibition against: Murder
Commandment to: Respect the sanctity of human life.
This commandment includes prohibitions of murder, abortion (except to save the mothers life), euthanasia and suicide (G-d forbid). This edict protects us from the extremes of selfishness and the violent tendencies that may lie within.
Refer to: Genesis 9:6
Literally: Exposure of nakedness - i.e. knowing someone in a forbidden sexual way.
Prohibition against: Sexual transgressions (i.e. incest, adultery, homosexual acts, castration and bestiality etc)
Commandment to: Respect traditional family values, because G-d defined marriage.
This commandment prohibits a gentile man from six immoral acts: with your mother, with your fathers wife, with a another mans wife, with your maternal sister, with an animal, and with another man. Wholesome families are a basis of healthy communities, nations and societies. Sexual transgressions lead to inner spiritual decay.
Refer to: Genesis 2:24
Literally: To rob, steal or embezzle.
Prohibition against: Theft (Includes rape and abduction)
Commandment to: Respect the rights and property of others.
This commandment prohibits stealing money or goods, a person (kidnapping), or even stealing from your employer. Since our sustenance comes from G-d, we should seek to earn it with honesty and dignity, not through deceit.
Refer to: Genesis 2:17
Literally: Limb of the living.
Prohibition against: Eating a limb or any meat taken from a live animal
Commandment to: Respect all creatures and avoid cruelty.
This commandment also prohibits cruelty to animals. Humans are given dominion over the Earth, but we are also its caretakers. Although we may make use of animals, we cannot cause them undue suffering. This commandment prohibits meat taken from an animal while its heart was still beating.
Refer to: Genesis 9:3-4
Literally: Judgement, justice, and law etc.
Prohibition against: Injustice, Societies with no legal system and breaching Torah law.
Commandment to: Establish a Just legal system, and pursue Justice
The descendents of Noah are obligated to create a judicial system to enforce the other six commandments. A fair and effective legal system creates a society worthy of G-ds blessings. It brings G-ds ideals for our personal life into a formal order for society, and completes the other six commandments. Justice is the foundation of world peace.
Refer to: Genesis 34:2-4.
My source