pandamonk
Active Member
Is Christmas really Christian?
[/font]Austin Cline said:[font=verdana, geneva, helvetica]Date:
December 25 [/font]
[font=verdana, geneva, helvetica]Definition:
The festival of Christmas gets its name from the term Christ's Mass, or a mass performed in honor of Christ. It is at this time that Christians celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ. [/font]
[font=verdana, geneva, helvetica]Dating:
The exact dating of Christmas has been a subject of great debate and disagreement, although tradition and custom has it affixed now to December 25th. This date has little to do with actual Christian history and much to do with attempts by Christians to appeal to potential pagan converts by appropriating their own festivals of Saturnalia and Brumalia. Indeed, the earliest calendars to even list December 25 as Christmas do not appear until 336 CE. [/font]
[font=verdana, geneva, helvetica]There is no hint in the Gospels about the time of the year when Jesus is supposed to have been born - except that it couldn't have been midwinter, because in that part of the world this is the rainy season and shepherds would not be out at night. This means that early Christianity found itself in the odd position of trying to tell everyone about what they claimed was the most tremendous birth ever without being able to say when it happened. [/font]
[font=verdana, geneva, helvetica]Birthdays:
The very attempt to celebrate the birth of Christ has always been questionable in Christianity. Such festivals were a common feature among pagan religions and, as a result, it was hotly debated whether or not Christians should emulate the practice and risk being less Christian as a consequence. The Church father Origin even argued the Christians should refrain from celebrating birthdays at all because scriptures portray evil people like Herod and the pharaohs as doing the same. [/font]
[font=verdana, geneva, helvetica]Pre-Christian Traditions
It is entirely coincidental that in 274 CE, when the winter solstice fell on December 25th, pagan emperor Aurelian proclaimed this day as Natalis Solis Invicti, the festival of the birth of the invincible sun. Throughout pagan Europe, Christianity was known for supplanting pagan celebrations and holy places in an effort to speed conversion, and it is easy to see this as another example of the same. [/font]
[font=verdana, geneva, helvetica]But there was more involved than just the date. Pagan Rome at this time of year was deeply involved with celebrations. It was the important festival of the old vegetation-god Saturn who (as a god) died or was displaced by Jupiter, the sky-god (depending on how you looked at things). For an entire week, from December 17th to 24th, no work was done and the only law was for everyone to be in good cheer. And, of course, the exchanging of gifts played an important role. [/font]
[font=verdana, geneva, helvetica]It is important to note the fact that celebrating the memory of a person on the day of their birth isn't normal to Christianity. Typically, a saint's "day" is placed on the date of their supposed death - and in the early days, their martyrdom. It was in the pagan and especially in the Roman world where celebrations on the anniversary of a person's birth is more likely to be found. [/font]
[font=verdana, geneva, helvetica]We shouldn't forget the heavy Germanic element - the nations of the north also had their greatest festivals of the year in mid-winter. Evergreen trees and holly became important symbols, because they tenaciously held on to their green colors despite the harshest winters. It is thus from these Nordic traditions that we get the use of an evergreen Christmas tree and decking the halls with holly. [/font]
[font=verdana, geneva, helvetica]Another important Nordic tradition was the Yule Log. The origins of the word yule seem to be somewhat in dispute, but one lineage traces it back to the name of the chief Germanic deity Yolnir, called Jol in Old Norse and Geol in Old English. In his name people celebrated a 12-day festival of eating, drinking, and general merriment. Curiously, Yolnir (later named Wodan and later still Odin) is described in one legend as hanging himself on a tree and piercing himself with a spear, suffering through nine nights. At the end, he drinks some mead and cries out the runes of the Norse alphabet (thus their origin). [/font]
[font=verdana, geneva, helvetica]Christian Traditions
The most important Christian aspect to modern celebrations of Christmas is probably the figure of Santa Claus. This character can be traced back to Saint Nicholas, a patron saint of children on whose day (December 6th), gifts were traditionally given to kids. [/font]
[font=verdana, geneva, helvetica]Nicholas was the bishop of Myra in Lycia (in Turkey) at some point before 350 CE. Nothing outside of legends is really known about him anymore, but the most persistent symbolism for him is his devotion to children. The American association between him and presents stems from the Dutch, who still give gifts to kids on his feast day. The American "Santa Claus" appears to be a mispronunciation of the Dutch "Sinter Klaas," colloquial for Saint Nicholas. [/font]
[font=verdana, geneva, helvetica]Beyond the idea that this is the day that people are supposed to be celebrating the birth of Jesus, there just isn't much else that Christianity has directly contributed. This is acknowledged by many Christians, and some denominations don't celebrate Christmas at all, regarding it as little more than a dressed-up pagan holiday. [/font]
[font=verdana, geneva, helvetica]Problems with Celebrations
Today the celebration of Christmas is so ubiquitous that people have trouble imagining large segments of society not celebrating Christmas or even objecting to its celebration - but that was the situation not too long ago. Many people are simply unaware of the fact that, in the English speaking world, Christmas was very nearly killed off by Protestant "fundamentalists" - Puritans who objected to Christmas so much that, wherever they held power, they passed laws banning it. [/font]
[font=verdana, geneva, helvetica]The Scottish Presbyterian Church banned it in 1583 and James I had to reinstitute it by force of arms. Such bans did not go without protest - in 1644 thousands rioted in England against the Christmas prohibitions enacted by Cromwell and his followers. For example, Chrimast was declared to be a day of fasting and penance, not a day of revelry and celebration. Even after they lost power, they had succeeded in getting people out of the habit of celebrating, effectively breaking the tradition of Christmas. After the Restoration, people treated Christmas with a great deal of indifference and without much in the way of religious reverence. [/font]
[font=verdana, geneva, helvetica]Puritans in the early American colonies banned the celebration of Christmas, not simply because of the lack of scriptural support for such a festival, but also because it tended to be associated with drunkenness and rowdy behavior. In 1659, the Massachusetts Bay Colony passed a strict law against the observation of Christmas as a holiday: [/font]
[font=verdana, geneva, helvetica]Whosoever shall be found observing any such day as Christmas as the like, either by forbearing labor, feasting, or any other way upon such account as aforesaid, every such person so offending shall pay for each offense five shillings as a fine to the country [/font][font=verdana, geneva, helvetica]Even as late as 1706 a Puritan mob surrounded an Anglican church where Christmas services were being held. Today, few Christian groups adhere to this thinking, with the largest example being the Jehovah's Witnesses. Other smaller groups like the Worldwide Church of God and Christian Science have adopted a similar position. [/font]
[font=verdana, geneva, helvetica]In their book 'The Making of the Modern Christmas, J.M. Golby and A.W. Purdue examined the December issues of The Times from 1790 to 1835. Would you believe that in twenty of those forty-five years, they found no mention of Christmas? And when Christmas was mentioned, it received only the scantest of attention - nobody really cared. [/font]
[font=verdana, geneva, helvetica]Even into the late 1800's, Christmas was not a generally popular holiday, nor was it an officially recognized state holiday. It wasn't such an odd thing, then, that Scrooge might require poor Cratchit to work on Christmas day - even the US Congress seems to have met on some Christmas days in the nineteenth century.