Points of clarification:
"Peace churches" would be the Mennonite, Amish, Society of Friends (Quakers), J.W.'s, and some others, which believe that deadly force should not be used even in self-defense, which is what they believe Jesus taught.
Thanks for the clarification.
My second point of clarification is that what you say above has long been what Judaism taught both then and now (only a prophet or God directly could authorize a war of offense), and yet it seems that Jesus went beyond that in the direction of not using deadly force, therefore do you catch that change in tone as well? What does "turn the other cheek" and "be as harmless as doves" mean if not that?
I think there may a subtle change of tone, but not to the degree of being an instruction against the use of violence for self defense
in all situations.
I think of it more like an awareness of a step in understanding being available, beyond an "eye for an eye", since he introduces the concept of turning the other cheek with reference to the their own understanding that they have a right to retaliate, to take what has been taken from them, but that it is not always necessary, nor promoting of peace and well-being to do so -- even if it is recognized that one has
the right to it.
Matthew 5:38 "You have heard the commandment, 'An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.' 39 But what I say to you is offer no resistance to injury. When a person strikes you on the right cheek, turn and offer him the other."
I think this is a message of peace, and of how we as individuals may bring more peaceful resolutions to conflict in our personal lives. The other examples provided in the rest of the section, verses 40-42, I see as examples of things that are minor injuries, bothersome -- but not threats of harm of a serious, or permanent, nature.
I think "be as harmless as doves" may well be a good rule of thumb and considered along the same lines as "turning the other cheek", and I think a person may take that as indication of it being part of "right behavior", but that specific instruction (in Matthew 10) was given to his disciples, as part of his specific instructions to them. I would not accept that verse as evidence that Jesus is telling me not to physically defend myself, or another, in any and all situations today.
I think we ought to keep in mind that this discussion is about whether or not Jesus's message was one of peace, or fighting what may be wrong -- just so we don't take it too far off track with a conversation about whether or not being
peaceful means not to defend yourself.
I think his overall message was of peace, and of developing an understanding within oneself -- to apply to oneself -- that contributes to promoting peaceful circumstances in life.