it's argued that are really somewhere between 14 and 22 senses
As you alluded, people refer to the five senses, but they are only referring to sensing what exists outside the body, and they are grouping a variety of tactile senses such as temperature, touch, and vibration senses, all with their own receptors, together. We can call these the exteroceptors. They tell us about ambient circumstances outside of the skin.
Then, we have a series of senses that tell us about the outer body, the musculoskeletal system wrapped in skin and surrounding and protecting the viscera (the guts) and nervous system. Thus, we know the orientation of our body and its limbs in space (sitting, standing, arm up, off balance), and we are aware of body motion (walking, turning)
Then, there are senses about the viscera, such as heartburn, a ruptured appendix, and angina. These are mostly pain sensors.
And there are sensory receptors informing us of the liquid state of our bodies - our chemistry - such as thirst when the blood is hyperosmolar, or fever when the immune system is at war in the bloodstream. These last three can be called interoception, and they are also evidence once they become experienced.
And finally, we sense our brains as it delivers memories, emotions, desires, and the like. It tells us what we know about the evidence we receive from the non-nervous tissues and how we feel about it, including whether we consider something valuable or not, beautiful or not, funny or not, and sacred or not. All of these phenomena from the brain and peripheral nervous system (retina and optic nerve, cochlea and auditory nerve, temperature and vibration sensors in the skin) are combined into a kaleidoscopic experience that dances past the observer in the theater of consciousness.
A common error is mistaking apprehensions generated by the unconscious brain as being received by it from without, as if the brain were receiving something rather than generating it de novo. This is the basis for psychological projection - misidentifying the source of the apprehension as something other than self.
I once heard this phenomenon described in this way: "You know how dogs can hear things we can't hear? Maybe some people can know things most people can't know."
We have a test for that. Let's use people instead of dog, because we can interview them. The question the alert and inquisitive mind asks is whether those people are all sensing something he can't, or whether they're not. Let me share the parable of the color-blind boy.
He's been told all his life that that what he sees as a kind of gray color is actually either of two colors, red or green - that he's colorblind - and he believes it, until one day he remembers all of the other collective pranks pulled on him like the Santa Claus and Tooth Fairy stories. And then there was that day snipe hunting. So, he wants to test whether people are seeing something he can't see or not. To do this, he buys a few dozen pairs of red socks and green socks, numbers them, and has somebody who claims to see these colors tell him whether #1 is red or green, #2 next, and so on, until he has a list of sock numbers and alleged colors.
Then, he has several people who claim to see red and green identify the sock colors separately and without prior collaboration. If their answers are the same, he knows they see something not visible to him, and if the answers are all over the place, he knows he's being pranked.
This is how we know that people claiming to experience a god don't. Their descriptions of their gods and other paranormal claims are all over the place.
