Could someone please tell me what is the difference between the Jewish faith embodied by the Law of Moses and the "traditional Judaism" we see today?
Were the "traditions" a later addition, and if so what traditions were added that were not found in the Mosaic Law?
Thank you in advance.
Sure.
The Jews received both the Written Torah and the Oral Torah from G-d on Mt. Sinai.
The Written Torah is what is often called the First Five Books of the bible; or the Five Books of Moses; etc.
The Oral Torah is the explanation of the Written Torah.
This was passed on from Moses to Joshua and the Elders and then the Jewish People for over 1,000 years until the Destruction of the Second Temple where this was all in danger of being lost.
Over several hundred years, this Oral Torah was written down in the form called the Mishna and then the explanation of the Mishnayos called Gemora. At some point in time, this all came together in what is called the Talmud or Shas.
Over the centuries; additional commentaries and insights on the Torah; the Talmud; the other Writings and the Prophets, have been written and analyzed by the Great Rabbis for the last 2,000 years.
Some of these commentaries are now included in the Talmud.
All of this body of knowledge has been analyzed and codified in the last 400 years or so and written down in compendiums of Jewish Law.
All of this, and much, much more, is what comprises Orthodox Jewish observance today.