gnostic
The Lost One
No. Some thing can be categorically proved, whilst others remain an educated guess.
I am not aware that it has been categorically proved that there is no more to human life than a heap of molecules that have evolved for no purpose other than "because they could".
Like some other members have done before you, you are confusing “proof” with “evidence”.
(a) Scientists test a model.
(b) Mathematicians prove or disprove equations or formulas.
(Note that “model” is either the “EXPLANATORY model” or the “PREDICTIVE model” must be included in a “scientific theory” or a “hypothesis”.)
The equations or formulas or constants are logical models, known as “proof” or “mathematical proof”. Proofs are usually expressed as equations, formulas, constants/metrics or variables.
So, in science, proofs (equations) are themselves “models”, often found as parts of explanatory or predictive models, hence like point (a), the mathematical models needed to be tested too.
So in point b, mathematicians “prove” or “disprove” equations, they are not talking about evidence. The words “prove” or “proving” are often done by solving the equation through manipulating the equations. For examples, here are some of the ways you might solve an equation:
- Simplifying a large complex equation
- Breaking a larger equation into multiple smaller and more manageable equations
- Or reversing the above process, by combining multiple equations into a single equation (eg the equation for the Theory Of Everything)
- Solving an equation by finding the missing variable or missing constant/metric (eg Alexander Friedmann introduced the metric to Einstein’s field equations, to get the precise solution for the expanding universe model; this metric is now known as “FLRW metric”)
- etc
Do you remember doing mathematics in high school and in college or university? Whenever you tried to solve mathematical problems, you are attempting to prove them.
For examples, algebra and calculus. Whenever you try to differentiate or integrate the equations, you are proving. Whenever you use linear equations or quadratic equation, vectors or matrices, and whenever you plot graphs, you are attempting to prove them.
To reiterate my earlier point, proofs are logical or mathematical models, often expressed as mathematical equations.
To give you some examples to demonstrate the differences between proofs and evidence.
The equation in Ohm’s law...
I = V / R
...this equation is proof, not evidence.
The evidence would be the actual circuitry on a circuit board (electrical components, like resistors, capacitors, transistors, etc), as well the power supply.
Evidence would also be all the measurements taken, for instances multimeter or oscilloscope, to measure electrical current (I), the voltage (V) and the resistor’s resistance (R).
Do you see the differences? Do you understand this example?