To be accurate, Predictions are about future events...this was inference.
Actually, in science, predictions are about making the best estimate using PROBABILITIES based on STATISTICAL DATA.
We not talking about predictions as telling the future made from woo such as fortune telling, horoscopes/astrology, tarot card, soothsaying, divination, prophecy, vision, numerology, and so on.
The predictions as used in science, can be about FUTURE, but it can be about the PAST too. Predictions are about using probabilities, not some magical or supernatural powers. Probabilities are about determining the likeliness or unlikeliness of something happening, so of course some predictions work well, hence such predictions can achieve levels of precision or accuracy, but of course, sometimes the predictions don’t work out, and that’s when you would know the models (eg hypotheses or theories) have either need modifications or they have been debunked.
Such predictions in the past, are often involved using some mathematical equations in physics working with probabilities (of the statistical data). And the only ways to verify the predictions, are through finding testable observations/evidence.
And probability-based predictions have been used in all sorts of disciplines and fields, such astrophysics, physical cosmology, geophysics (eg stratigraphy, plate tectonics), archaeology, paleontology, various dating techniques, etc.
Of course, when predictions are used, they are not perfect, predictions in hypotheses and theories can be wrong.
Anyway, predictions are just about predicting future events. And accurate predictions come from finding evidence and hard work, and through gaining experiences.