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Evolution, maybe someone can explain?

It Aint Necessarily So

Veteran Member
Premium Member
Yes it is arbitrary to group eels and tuna in the same group and exclude whales. In fact tuna is much more closely and has much more in common with whales that with eels.
Yes? You aren't agreeing with me nor I with you. Your first word should have been no.

I don't know what your point or purpose is here.

As we wander up and down the taxa in the mind's eye, living things separate out as we go down toward the species taxon and unite as we go up. Kingdom Animalia contains tuna, eels and whales. As we drop down to phylum and subphylum, we get chordates them vertebrates. These taxa also contain all three. They part ways at the lower taxon of class. Eels and tuna are classed together under order Osteichthyes, and whales are counted among the mammals because tuna and eels are more like one another than either is like a whale. Tuna and eels remain yoked at the class level, both being Actinopterygii, but they diverge when we go to lower taxa. Eels are Anguilliformes (eel-shaped) and tuna Scombriformes (mackerel shaped).

This is how nested hierarchies work. We use them not only to classify animal taxa, but also things like languages and religions. They can all be diagrammed as "trees" with trunks, larger branches, smaller branches, and twigs. We do this according to similarities and differences. Here are Indo-European languages. Their "last universal common ancestor" was proto-Indo-European. This level can be compared to a phylum and everything deriving from it a clade. The first branches each represent one of several large families of languages more like one another than languages in other branches

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You would likely call this type of organizing or classifying arbitrary, and there is some wiggle room and uncertainty in fashioning these diagrams, but there is also merit to this way of organizing evolving items with a common origin. Italian, French, and Spanish really are more alike than say Yiddish or Manx.
"Distinctions between whales and fish are more influenced by cultural and linguistic changes than by scientific discoveries." Please explain why do you think that the author is wrong.
Perhaps in the mind of uneducated lay people. People use biological term anomalously all of the time. They don't acknowledge that the people looking at animals in the zoo are also animals in the zoo on that day, and they call the chimps monkeys.

From your link: "Let me begin by considering briefly what is a whale and what is a fish. We may, I think, be quite confident that these are terms of ordinary language. My four-year-old son is a quite competent user of both."

It would not be surprising if the boy considered orcas at a marine park fish, yet his son's understanding of the matter is offered there as a legitimate standard for usage of these words - not that of biologists. You seem to have been adversely influenced by this article.
I am not a young earth creationist that is what I meant
I didn't specify variety of creationist.

You seem to have difficulty with the idea of nested hierarchies of categories. Creationist is a higher-order category (hypernym) relative to YEC or OEC. YEC and OEC creationists (an example of RAS syndrome) have more in common with one another than with naturalists, but all three have more in common with one another than say a Swiftie, which fits in another group of ideas unrelated to the origin of reality.

There are also other creationists. YEC and OEC refer to OT scripture. Every culture with a creation myth was creationist, including the Mesopotamians and Vikings.

You probably do this kind of grouping yourself naturally. Places you like to go has a subcategory of restaurants you like to patronize which divides by cuisine (Mexican, Italian, Chinese), and each of these latter categories divides into individual restaurants.

Leroy: I'm not interested in going down this hole with you any further. You've made your point that biological taxonomic classification is arbitrary and meaningless, and I've rejected it. You have a habit of verbally wrestling a point like a pit bull with a pork chop, and it's generally over some point that only seems relevant to you and is usually a point that I can't see why you want to make at all.

Generally, when creationists argue evolutionary science with the scientifically literate, they are promoting their god even if they don't say so explicitly. I'm not convinced that that is your purpose, but if not, do you have one? Do you have a reason for doing this kind of thing? What would be the benefit to you if we all relented and conceded your point? What do you imagine would be the benefit to us?

If the answer to both is nothing, then why do this?

Incidentally, that's my answer and why I consider this kind of discussion a time waster and want to nip it in the bud. I indulged you this much out of courtesy and respect, but I don't think I've helped you. You may have helped me by giving me incentive to write this post. I enjoyed creating it and was glad to have an opportunity to elaborate on classification systems and nested hierarchies. There's nothing more I'd care to add to that discussion, so whatever benefit this discussion might provide my side of it has likely already been realized.

I'd be happy to discuss any of this with you, but please no more "fish are whales are fish." We disagree there irreconcilably.
 
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leroy

Well-Known Member
to qualify as a fish, an organism must exhibit traits such as aquatic living conditions, gills for respiration, a streamlined body with fins and scales, cold-blooded metabolism, specific reproductive methods, and a skeleton made of either bone or cartilage.

As always when it comes to setting scopes / boundaries around groupings in evolved organisms, the lines can at times get blurry as inevitably there will exist species that can have some of the qualities and others not so much. For example, in 2015 we discovered a warm blooded fish (the opah). but other then that it still bears all the hallmarks of a fish with gills, scales, fins, etc.
Yes that the point many fishes don't have all those traits and many non fishes have some of those traits

If you say that a fish most have all those traits you would have to remove many so called fishes from the group

If you say that a fish is something with *some* of this traits the you would have to include many non fishes


Therefore you failed the test up to this point you haven't provide an empirical way to test if something is a fish

 

TagliatelliMonster

Veteran Member
Yes that the point many fishes don't have all those traits and many non fishes have some of those traits

If you say that a fish most have all those traits you would have to remove many so called fishes from the group

If you say that a fish is something with *some* of this traits the you would have to include many non fishes


Therefore you failed the test up to this point you haven't provide an empirical way to test if something is a fish
You once again are showing that you tend to argue in bad faith.
I acknowledged the blurryness of the lines at the boundaries - and noted that such will exist at the boundaries of any grouping (paraphyletic or otherwise).
Meanwhile, things like whales and tunas and sharks aren't in such blurry area's at all. The firmly and clearly sit respectively outside and inside the criteria of what makes a fish
 

Pogo

Well-Known Member
That tiktaalik could have been (and can be) found in many other layers too. So the prediction of finding tiktaalik in the late denovian is not too impressive
Interesting claim, but where is your evidence and it is unlikely. Species and body plans evolve and are only found in limited layers. A rare example of this not happening is the Coelacanth that while it is not exactly like its first ancestors is still close. Fishapods such as Tiktaalik would likely only be found in this intermediate area since their niche would have given way to true tetrapods of which many have been found. In fact if there had been later examples the discovery would have been far less significant as all it would have done is pushed back it's origin. But that is basic evolution which contradicts your strawman attempt to divert attention from your failure to understand.
 

shunyadragon

shunyadragon
Premium Member
Yes that the point many fishes don't have all those traits and many non fishes have some of those traits

If you say that a fish most have all those traits you would have to remove many so called fishes from the group

If you say that a fish is something with *some* of this traits the you would have to include many non fishes


Therefore you failed the test up to this point you haven't provide an empirical way to test if something is a fish
Through the evolutionary history of life similar forms evolved determined by the environment, Water dwelling animals like fish and sea mammals evolved similar forms to adapt to the environment does not translate to conclude that they are related or even in the same clade. It is called convergent evolution.


Convergent evolution explained with 13 examples​

By Holly Chetan-Welsh and Lisa Hendry
168
We share the planet with a huge diversity of plants and creatures. But we can see similarities between organisms that live continents apart or are very different in other aspects. One reason for this is convergent evolution.

What is convergent evolution?​

Convergent evolution occurs when organisms that aren’t closely related evolve similar features or behaviours, often as solutions to the same problems. The process can result in matching body shapes, colour patterns or abilities. Dr Natalie Cooper, one of our evolutionary biologists who specialises in vertebrates explains:
‘In convergent evolution, two organisms look or behave in a very similar way, even though they’re only distantly related. This means they’ve independently evolved those similarities rather than inheriting them from a common ancestor.’
We observe this phenomenon all over the tree of life, from mammals and invertebrates to plants and microorganisms.

How and why does convergent evolution happen?​

Species face different challenges, called selection pressures, depending on their environment. These pressures could include which predators they encounter, what food is available or conditions such as extreme heat or cold.
Since DNA is the building block of life, convergent evolution starts at the level of DNA. Mutations in an individual’s DNA can result in a trait that makes them better suited to their environment. These individuals tend to survive more often than those without the beneficial trait and pass this trait on to their offspring.
Over time, all individuals of a species evolve to have that trait or characteristic. This helps the species to be more successful in its habitat. It’s natural selection at work.
In some examples of convergent evolution, species evolve the same solution to a problem but take a different genetic route to get there. In other cases, the convergence takes place at the molecular level and the same genetic changes occur in different species.

How did we discover convergent evolution?​

Scientists have known for a long time that species that we assumed were only distantly related had evolved the same or similar adaptations to the same environmental pressures. The discovery of DNA helped to confirm this theory.
Natalie explains, ‘Until we understood DNA and how it evolves, there were a lot of things that we thought were very closely related because they look very similar, but they turned out to be very distantly related.’
‘For example, falcons, hawks and eagles look like very similar birds of prey, yet we discovered they’re actually really distantly related. Falcons are more closely related to parrots than to hawks and eagles!’
Without DNA evidence, we wouldn’t know that peregrine falcons are more closely related to parrots than to hawks and eagles. © Sriram Bird Photographer (left) and Ondrej Prosicky (right)/ Shutterstock

What is the difference between convergent and divergent evolution?​

Divergent evolution is the opposite of convergent evolution. Divergent evolution occurs when two species share a common ancestor and evolve one or more characteristics that make them different to each other. This might happen because they find themselves in different environments, facing different conditions that influence their evolution.
A good example is the modern elephant and the extinct woolly mammoth. These creatures evolved from a common ancestor, but experienced different environments. Exposed to a cold climate, mammoths adapted by growing warm, furry coats.
 

YoursTrue

Faith-confidence in what we hope for (Hebrews 11)
To be perfectly frank, YT, I don't think you have much familiarity with the field of research.
Yet, as always, you're strongly opinionated.
We're both allowed to have our opinions. There are, of course, some governments where opinions are not allowed to be expressed and people are severely chastised if not tortured. Now, as I said, I take vaccines when I deem it wise to do so for myself. Nevertheless, there are many products that are clearly deleterious to the environment that neither government nor scientists will stop bolstering people to produce for greed. I do notice you not to be rude, so that's a good thing in a conversation. As far as familiarity with fields of research, I can only go by what is apparent. And to me it is apparent that many, m-a-n-y companies do not care much about the environment, but rather, like some leaders, are interested in the $$$. Yes, I am sure there are those whose consciences may bother them or who would not get involved. But in the long run -- we'll see what will happen.
 

YoursTrue

Faith-confidence in what we hope for (Hebrews 11)
Or we'll cease to be alive, to be aware, to know, and become the past.
Are you saying that doctors do not make mistakes or lack of knowledge inadvertantly, due to the situation, hasten a person's death? Is that what you are implying?
 

Foxfyre

Member
that's right. and they only wonder about it. Maybe their brains hurt as they thought about things. :) Or maybe they didn't. Maybe they only hurt others' brains when they thought about what they might have thought.
I doubt Einstein's brain hurt. But when he famously said "I believe in Spinoza's God" he was saying that he believed in the possibility of some intelligence driving the process from the beginning and he concluded that because of the improbability of it all just happening otherwise. Einstein did not believe in a personal God that we have a relationship with, but it wouldn't be entirely accurate to say he was an Atheist either.

My brain doesn't hurt either. I rather enjoy my curious and inquiring side and awareness of massive possibilities side even when it is so often not satisfied. :)
 

Foxfyre

Member
I doubt Einstein's brain hurt. People with open minds generally enjoy being that way. But when he famously said "I believe in Spinoza's God" he was saying that he believed in the possibility of some intelligence driving the process from the beginning and he concluded that because of the improbability of it all just happening otherwise. Einstein did not believe in a personal God that we have a relationship with, but it wouldn't be entirely accurate to say he was an Atheist either.

My brain doesn't hurt either. I rather enjoy my curious and inquiring side and awareness of massive possibilities side even when it is so often not satisfied. :)
 

Foxfyre

Member
But Einstein did explain. His theories of relativity are explanations.
It's what science does. It proposes and tests explanations.

You said: "Consider with all the thousands of years of human history and the science we have learned, we still have no clue how life actually came to be here on Planet Earth or what dynamic originated life. We have only hypothesis impossible to test."
We do have hypotheses, and they're hardly impossible to test. That which is impossible to test is outside the purview of science.

You might find it interesting to look into the latest research in abiogenesis. We have some pretty promising leads into origins, and a great deal of understanding of mechanisms. Many mechanisms and stages are observable and pretty easily demonstrated. We've actually created replicating proto-life forms in vitro.

Chemistry! :)
Ah but if a scientist find life that did not previously exist in his test tube, will be be able to say definitively that God did not put it there?
 

Foxfyre

Member
Mind boggling indeed -- but beware falling into a Personal Incredulity morass. "Goddidit!" might assuage one's astonishment, but it's simplistic, unevidenced, and explains nothing.

As I said before. We do have some good, well-founded hypotheses on how life appeared on our pale blue globe.
Goddidit works for me because I know, without equivocation, that God is. Those who do not know God of course look for other explanations. For me "Goddidit" doesn't mean that He didn't set certain processes in place and allowed them to evolve on their own after that or that he micromanages everything that happens. I don't think He does, because if He did there could be no free will, no love, no choices. And because he doesn't we humans can experience all the truly great emotions and enjoy life that would not otherwise be possible. But it also allows for the possibility of wrong choice and sin. And that to me is more difficult to fully wrap my mind around than the "Goddidit" explanation for the existence of all that exists.
 

YoursTrue

Faith-confidence in what we hope for (Hebrews 11)
I doubt Einstein's brain hurt. But when he famously said "I believe in Spinoza's God" he was saying that he believed in the possibility of some intelligence driving the process from the beginning and he concluded that because of the improbability of it all just happening otherwise. Einstein did not believe in a personal God that we have a relationship with, but it wouldn't be entirely accurate to say he was an Atheist either.

My brain doesn't hurt either. I rather enjoy my curious and inquiring side and awareness of massive possibilities side even when it is so often not satisfied. :)
I can understand both Einstein's and Spinoza's viewpoints. The Bible is detailed and of course, things like the Flood of Noah plus the age of humans can be questioned. I have come to accept what the Bible says as truthful. I do not contest it. Spinoza lived at a different time, they were both Jews though. I can't figure Einstein's brain out and I don't want to. Not interested. Spinoza lived in a different environment. By the way, perhaps you know that Einstein's brain was removed from his body after his death and preserved. So far I don't think scientists got it to talk.
 

YoursTrue

Faith-confidence in what we hope for (Hebrews 11)
Goddidit works for me because I know, without equivocation, that God is. Those who do not know God of course look for other explanations. For me "Goddidit" doesn't mean that He didn't set certain processes in place and allowed them to evolve on their own after that or that he micromanages everything that happens. I don't think He does, because if He did there could be no free will, no love, no choices. And because he doesn't we humans can experience all the truly great emotions and enjoy life that would not otherwise be possible. But it also allows for the possibility of wrong choice and sin. And that to me is more difficult to fully wrap my mind around than the "Goddidit" explanation for the existence of all that exists.
Anyway, gotta go soon, but upon reading your first sentence that is how I found God, or how He found me. Because someone told me like you did that God exists and I finally prayed after all those years of being a non-believer, and yes, He answered me -- with guidance as to realizing who He is.
 

Foxfyre

Member
I can understand both Einstein's and Spinoza's viewpoints. The Bible is detailed and of course, things like the Flood of Noah plus the age of humans can be questioned. I have come to accept what the Bible says as truthful. I do not contest it. Spinoza lived at a different time, they were both Jews though. I can't figure Einstein's brain out and I don't want to. Not interested. Spinoza lived in a different environment. By the way, perhaps you know that Einstein's brain was removed from his body after his death and preserved. So far I don't think scientists got it to talk.
I take the entire Bible as a collection of manuscripts and notes inspired by the Holy Spirit but limited to the words, understanding, culture, experience, concepts, intentions of those who wrote down the words and most likely some scribal glosses from those copying words already written. I believe it contains history, their understanding of the law, poetry, prophecy, allegory/parable, symbolism, metaphor, wisdom sayings, practical instruction. The skilled Bible scholar can use perhaps Holy Spirit inspired intellect to sort it out that way. Those who study it sincerely to know what God expects of them and to do it are among the blessed.

But however one understands the Bible, I think those who love the Lord their God with all their heart, soul, and mind and who love their fellow beings are going to be okay. And we are at peace with what we don't know which in no way relieves us of our intense curiosity and interest in knowing more. :)

I am one who thinks government money spent on things like radio telescopes, The Hubble and space exploration is money well spent, however selfish I am in that opinion. I want to know what's out there. And if there are other beings out there far advanced in their science and technology, I would like to know what they know.
 

Pogo

Well-Known Member
I can understand both Einstein's and Spinoza's viewpoints. The Bible is detailed and of course, things like the Flood of Noah plus the age of humans can be questioned. I have come to accept what the Bible says as truthful. I do not contest it. Spinoza lived at a different time, they were both Jews though. I can't figure Einstein's brain out and I don't want to. Not interested. Spinoza lived in a different environment. By the way, perhaps you know that Einstein's brain was removed from his body after his death and preserved. So far I don't think scientists got it to talk.
Just a thought, you should take your questions about Mary etc. to the Scriptural debate board, There are many beliefs and interpretations there, even in catholicism let alone other Chriistian sects. It isn't even a matter of science, something like only 85% of Catholics believe in the virgin birth and 70% of mainline protestant.
 

Valjean

Veteran Member
Premium Member
Ah but if a scientist find life that did not previously exist in his test tube, will be be able to say definitively that God did not put it there?
LOL -- No, no such conclusion could be drawn, but -- absent evidence or need, belief in the thing is logically deferred. That is: It's irrational to believe in an unevidenced and unneeded factor.

Consider: If a scientist found life in her test tube, she couldn't definitively say færies, trolls, or the Flying Spaghetti Monster didn't put it there, either. Absent evidence, each of these have equal levels of confidence.

The fact is, chemistry is familiar and understood. The laws governing chemical interactions are known. If a scientist finds life in a test tube, you can be pretty sure he knows the mechanism by which it got there, and probably designed the chemical process precisely to create it.
 

Valjean

Veteran Member
Premium Member
Goddidit works for me because I know, without equivocation, that God is.
Interesting -- but we've heard this before, and thus far no convincing evidence has been adduced.
If you've got something new, I'd be interested to hear it.
Those who do not know God of course look for other explanations. For me "Goddidit" doesn't mean that He didn't set certain processes in place and allowed them to evolve on their own after that or that he micromanages everything that happens. I don't think He does, because if He did there could be no free will, no love, no choices. And because he doesn't we humans can experience all the truly great emotions and enjoy life that would not otherwise be possible. But it also allows for the possibility of wrong choice and sin. And that to me is more difficult to fully wrap my mind around than the "Goddidit" explanation for the existence of all that exists.
Goddidit! isn't really an explanation, is it? It's an assertion of agency; of an unevidenced and unnecessary agent.

I see your belief is that He set up the laws and constants of nature, and then let them take their course. This obviates the need for all the physical evidences or magic that are usually cited as proof. Kudos.

But the fact remains that this is an unevidenced assertion, and any number of other agents or factors, or pure chance, are equally possible. The possibilities, in fact, would be endless. Why pick a conscious, intentional, invisible being?
 

blü 2

Veteran Member
Premium Member
Are you saying that doctors do not make mistakes or lack of knowledge inadvertantly, due to the situation, hasten a person's death? Is that what you are implying?
I'm saying that the present state of medicine is that everyone dies; and as the author of Ecclesiastes (9:5-6) put it ─

For the living know that they will die, but the dead know nothing, and they have no more reward; but the memory of them is lost.

Their love and their hate and their envy have already perished, and they have no more for ever any share in all that is done under the sun.​

to which we, having regard to advances in cosmology since then, can add at the end,

or anywhere else.​

If humans get to live longer and longer and longer, that will be down to medical science, not to supernatural intervention.
 

Foxfyre

Member
Interesting -- but we've heard this before, and thus far no convincing evidence has been adduced.
If you've got something new, I'd be interested to hear it.

Goddidit! isn't really an explanation, is it? It's an assertion of agency; of an unevidenced and unnecessary agent.

I see your belief is that He set up the laws and constants of nature, and then let them take their course. This obviates the need for all the physical evidences or magic that are usually cited as proof. Kudos.

But the fact remains that this is an unevidenced assertion, and any number of other agents or factors, or pure chance, are equally possible. The possibilities, in fact, would be endless. Why pick a conscious, intentional, invisible being?
One thing Einstein got very very right is that it doesn't have to be testable nor must we have evidence in order to it to be science.

As to how you interpreted my post, I think you might need to read it more carefully before drawing some of your conclusions as to what I believe?
 
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