"Data generated by genomic sequencing projects from a wide variety of species now allow for the assembly of combined protein sequence data sets to reconstruct the universal tree of life" straight from the article itself.
The only argument this article is questioning is whether there on one event in biogenesis with all stemming from that one event of whether multiple events of biogenesis may have occurred thus blended later. The article is completely supports evolution.
Since you answered none of my questions, I will have to assume.
As the article mentioned, a lot of circumstantial evidence has been gathered to support the theory, However, UCA, is not verified.
That was my point.
In other words, there is no objective verifiable evidence for the theory that all life came from one common ancestor.
That's essentially what the article said, which I previously quoted.
Worst, is this idea that genetics somehow verifies common descent.
That is a false premise.
Transcriptomic and genomic sequences offer a nearly overwhelming source of information for inferring relationships, with some studies employing hundreds of genes. Despite great potential, phylogenomics has thus far failed to confidently resolve relationships of many animal groups (Dunn et al. 2014).
Inferring relationships among major metazoan lineages (i.e., Bilateria, Ctenophora, Cnidaria, Placozoa, and Porifera)
has been particularly difficult, with numerous recent studies recovering conflicting phylogenetic topologies
Sequence similarity and homology are not equivalent
One common thread among the various arguments for common ancestry is the inference from certain biological similarities to homology. However, with apologies to Fisher,
similarity is not homology.
It is widely assumed that strong sequence similarity indicates genetic kinship. Nonetheless, as I and many others have argued , sequence similarity is strictly an empirical observation; homology, on the other hand, is a hypothesis intended to explain the similarity. Common ancestry is only one possible mechanism that results in similarity between sequences. In a landmark paper on the inference of homology from sequence similarity, the late Walter Fitch presented the problem as follows:
Now two proteins may appear similar because they descend with divergence from a common ancestral gene (i.e., are homologous in a time-honoured meaning dating back at the least to Darwin's Origin of Species) or because they descend with convergence from separate ancestral genes (i.e., are analogous). It is nevertheless possible that the restrictions imposed by a functional fitness may cause sufficient convergence to produce an apparent genetic relatedness. Therefore, the demonstration that two present-day sequences are significantly similar, by either chemical or genetic criteria, still must necessarily leave undecided the question whether their similarity is the result of a convergent process or all that remains from a divergent process. For example, it is at least philosophically possible to argue that fungal cytochromes c are not truly homologous to the metazoan cytochromes c, i.e., they just look homologous.
Colin Patterson made a similar argument, explicitly pointing out that statistically significant sequence similarity does not necessarily force the conclusion of homology:
… given that homologies are hypothetical, how do we test them? How do we decide that an observed similarity is a valid inference of common ancestry? If similarity must be discriminated from homology, its assessment (statistically significant or not, for example) is not necessarily synonymous with testing a hypothesis of homology.
How, then, would we know if highly similar biological sequences had independent origins or not? In all but the most trivial cases we do not have direct, independent evidence for homology — rather, we conventionally infer the answer based on some qualitative argument, often involving sequence similarity as a premise.
While there is the uncertainty regarding the earl stages, there is uncertainty way up the
tree coral, as well.
The strongest evidence lacks verification, also.
Also. it is not objective evidence.