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Hebrews spoke a dialect of Canaanite and the Hebrew writing evolved from Phoenician/Canaanite text, The Phoenicians considered themselves Canaanites.
Yes, the Ugarites were Canaanites and the people described later as the rulers Hyksos and the people were Canaanites from Northern Syria and Mesopotamia. They spoke a dialect of Canaanite and wrote in a version of Canaanite/Phoenician text.
Mixing these two cultures and mythologies is vain desire of an egocentric view of the Indus Valley culture.@Aupmanyav
Look what I found
View attachment 93194
Page 27
Aryans theory (AIT) and the Out of India theory (OIT)
@Bharat Jhunjhunwala agrees with OIT
@Aupmanyav agrees with AIT
I'm agreeing with OIT and learn from @Bharat Jhunjhunwala
OIT that happened from Indus Valley and Exodus and some eventually arrived at Ishwaralaya (Israel)
The archeological evidence demonstrates that the Hebrews were predominately polytheistic before the return from exile and the compilation of the Pentateuch. The theme of the text of the much of the Pentateuch is from a Canaanite polytheism to monotheism. Canaanite, Babylonian and Sumerian texts
The reference on the Stele refers to a people and not a Kingdom. They are synonymous and in reference to the people of the agriculture and pastoral tribes of the Hills of Judah. There is no archaeological evidence of Hebrew cities in the Hills of Judah at the time the stele referred to. They did not have and written records in Hebrew. All that is found are scrapes of Writing in Proto-Canaanite in the Northern Levant.. Before 600 BCE they find female Goddess figures, molds to make idols in the temples and references to Canaanite Gods.
The archeological evidence demonstrates that the Hebrews were predominately polytheistic before the return from exile and the compilation of the Pentateuch. The theme of the text of the much of the Pentateuch is from a Canaanite polytheism to monotheism. Canaanite, Babylonian and Sumerian texts
The reference on the Stele refers to a people and not a Kingdom. They are synonymous and in reference to the people of the agriculture and pastoral tribes of the Hills of Judah. There is no archaeological evidence of Hebrew cities in the Hills of Judah at the time the stele referred to. They did not have and written records in Hebrew. All that is found are scrapes of Writing in Proto-Canaanite in the Northern Levant.. Before 600 BCE they find female Goddess figures, molds to make idols in the temples and references to Canaanite Gods.
The stele was made long after the events claimed in the stele.
Mesha Stele - Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org
Analysis
Detail of a portion of lines 12–16, reconstructed from the squeeze. The middle line (14), transliterated as את. נבה. על. ישראל ('t nbh 'l yšr’l) reads "Take Nabau against Israel"
The Mesha Stele is the longest Iron Age inscription ever found in the region, the major evidence for the Moabite language, and a unique record of military campaigns. The occasion was the erection of a sanctuary for Chemosh in Qarho, the acropolis (citadel) of Dibon, Mesha's capital, in thanks for his aid against Mesha's enemies. Chemosh is credited with an important role in the victories of Mesha, but is not mentioned in connection with his building activities, reflecting the crucial need to give recognition to the nation's god in the life-and-death national struggle. The fact that the numerous building projects would have taken years to complete suggests that the inscription was made long after the military campaigns, or at least most of them, and the account of those campaigns reflects a royal ideology that wishes to present the king as the obedient servant of the god. The king also claims to be acting in the national interest by removing Israelite oppression and restoring lost lands, but a close reading of the narrative leaves it unclear whether all the conquered territories were previously Moabite – in three campaign stories, no explicit reference is made to prior Moabite control.
This does not change anything if you read the reference you provided carefully. The use of Israel on the stele referred to a people not to a land or kingdom.
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A portion of line 27, translated as "Israel [foreign people]"Earlier evidence for a reference to Israel the people compared to Hebrew the language.This does not change anything if you read the reference you provided carefully. The use of Israel on the stele referred to a people not to a land or kingdom.
While Asqaluni, Gezer and Yanoam are given the determinative for a city – a throw stick plus three mountains – the hieroglyphs that refer to Israel instead employ the throw stick (the determinative for "foreign") plus a sitting man and woman (the determinative for "people") over three vertical lines (a plural marker):
Merneptah Stele - Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org
The determinative "people" has been the subject of significant scholarly discussion. As early as 1955, John A. Wilson wrote, of the idea that this determinative means the "'ysrỉꜣr" were a people: "The argument is good, but not conclusive, because of the notorious carelessness of Late-Egyptian scribes and several blunders of writing in this stela".[19] This sentiment was subsequently built upon by other scholars.[20]
According to The Oxford History of the Biblical World, this "foreign people ... sign is typically used by the Egyptians to signify nomadic groups or peoples, without a fixed city-state home, thus implying a seminomadic or rural status for 'Israel' at that time".[21]Merneptah Stele - Wikipedia The phrase "wasted, bare of seed" is formulaic, and often used of defeated nations – it implies that the grain-store of the nation in question has been destroyed, which would result in a famine the following year, incapacitating them as a military threat to Egypt.[21]
A portion of line 27, translated as "Israel [foreign people]"
According to James Hoffmeier, "no Egyptologists would ever read the signs of a foreign ethnic entity as indicating a foreign land, but a people group".[22]
In contrast to this apparent Israelite statelessness, the other Canaanite groups fought by Egypt (Asqaluni, Gezer, and Yano'am) are described in the stele as nascent states.
No problem with the archeological evidence for the existence of Hebrew tribes that described themselves as "Israel." The Hebrews were culturally Canaanite tribes like the Moabites spoke a variation of Canaanite, and their written text evolved from Proto-Canaanite/Phoenician text, The actual Hebrew text evolved between 800-600 BCE
It is very relevant to the origins of the Hebrews. We are discussing the history of the ancient Hebrews before 600 BCE, which is the foundation origin of the Hebrew, culture, religion, and language both spoken and written. The Pentateuch contains sections and references to Canaanite text including the Psalms, and polytheistic/henotheistic beliefs including names of Canaanite Gods. The Creation story and Noah's Flood evolved from earlier earlier Sumerian, Babylonian and Canaanite/Phoenician mythology found in their writings.
The archeological evidence and documented origins of the Hebrews as Canaanite tribes is over whelming including their language, culture and religion. One reference to the fact that as a people the Hebrews called themselves Israel does not negate the overwhelming archeological evidence for the origins of the Hebrew tribes.
False big time. 'Arguing from vague ignorance as to what you claim "can appear" does not change the actual archeological and historical evidence for the origins of Hebrew culture language, culture and religions. The identity of Israel as a monotheistic religion evolves after 600 BCE.
Yes, and culture includes identity and society.
I agree. The Phoenicians are proof of this.
