Yes it does.
Yet Jesus outlawed divorce except for the circumstance where one or the other commits adultery.
A man who divorces a faithful wife, and who marries another, is an adulterer.
I don't interpret that exactly the same way you do. First of all, I don't believe that Jesus actually "outlawed" anything. He gave specific commands and instructions to his followers, but Jesus didn't actually create any laws, nor did he abolish any laws. He merely interpreted God's law for the people and fulfilled their purpose.
Matthew 5:31-32
31 You have heard the law that says, A man can divorce his wife by merely giving her a written notice of divorce. 32 But I say that a man who divorces his wife, unless she has been unfaithful, causes her to commit adultery. And anyone who marries a divorced woman also commits adultery.
Jesus says that a man who divorce his wife, "causes her to commit adultery". But this is not an absolute, nor is it a condemnation of the woman, it is a warning to the man that this becomes a possibility should either of them remarry. It is not fair to the woman for a man to divorce her for no reason, but then she would not be able to remarry without being considered an adulteress. Jesus also goes further in Matthew 19 when pressed on the issue by the Pharisees who were testing him.
Matthew 19:9
I tell you that anyone who divorces his wife, except for sexual immorality, and marries another woman commits adultery.
And Paul elaborates on Jesus' commandment in 1 Corinthians.
1 Corinthians 7:10-11
10 To the married I give this command (not I, but the Lord): A wife must not separate from her husband. 11 But if she does, she must remain unmarried or else be reconciled to her husband. And a husband must not divorce his wife.
This passage reaffirms that it is not against the law for a woman to divorce (even outside of marital infidelity), although it is strongly recommended that she doesn't. There are provisions for divorce (even outside of marital infidelity) as illustrated in 1 Corinthians 7.
1 Corinthians 7:12-15
12 To the rest I say this (I, not the Lord): If any brother has a wife who is not a believer and she is willing to live with him, he must not divorce her. 13 And if a woman has a husband who is not a believer and he is willing to live with her, she must not divorce him. 14 For the unbelieving husband has been sanctified through his wife, and the unbelieving wife has been sanctified through her believing husband. Otherwise your children would be unclean, but as it is, they are holy. 15 But if the unbeliever leaves, let it be so. The brother or the sister is not bound in such circumstances; God has called us to live in peace.
Obviously, if a woman has married a man who is not following Christ, and doesn't want to be in a "Christian" marriage, she has no obligation to remain with that man. Divorcing itself doesn't make one an adulterer, but one cannot remarry after divorcing (as this would constitute adultery). Also seen in Luke 16:18. Widows however can remarry without being considered adulterers.
Romans 7:2-3
2 For example, by law a married woman is bound to her husband as long as he is alive, but if her husband dies, she is released from the law that binds her to him. 3 So then, if she has sexual relations with another man while her husband is still alive, she is called an adulteress. But if her husband dies, she is released from that law and is not an adulteress if she marries another man.