Are advances in science constantly pushing God into the dustbin of history?
Advances in science are removing jobs that a deity is thought to have done.
Once, man had no better ideas for why the sun rose and set than that a god was pulling it, or that thunder meant that Thor was angry. There was no idea of things like that happening without conscious agency. And so, people prayed to those gods or offered them sacrifices to appease them, to prevent Thor from killing them with one of his bolts..
Then modern science took off with the first wave of scientists being the ones who showed how gases behave, planets orbit, and current pass through circuits. This all happened automatically, and without supervision. No angels were needed to push charge through wires. The universe could run itself day to day without a ruler god. But how did it get here? We still needed a designer and builder god. One huge gap had been filled in. One less job a deity was needed to perform.
So, the deist god emerged, the god that builds universes, but doesn't run them. It just leaves.
Then came the second wave of scientists that showed us how the universe could assemble itself into galaxies of stars without a builder god, and how the tree of life could emerge from a single primordial population of replicators. That's most of the building right there, two more jobs no deity was needed to perform, the gap being getting from material evolution (Big Bang) to biological evolution, and the emergence of consciousness. Another gap is the source if any, and history, of the earliest universe, before the Planck time.
And we have naturalistic hypotheses for two of these - the multiverse hypothesis and abiogenesis hypothesis. If it can be shown that these are also naturalistic processes, what job is left for a God? The author of consciousness? That's an incoherent claim and self-refuting claim - that the source of consciousness was already conscious when it did this.
Another job suggested for a god is the fine tuning of the universe, but this is also an incoherent argument. Why would a God need to finely tune the laws of nature unless it was constrained by laws which the deity must respect? Who created the laws that govern the necessity for a god to fine tune the laws of nature? If the laws of nature could only be one kind of way to permit life, and the universe runs all on its own, then what does it need with a god?
Furthermore, the multiverse hypothesis offers a naturalistic explanation - all possible universes arise, some instantly collapsing, some expanding to fast for nebula to condense, some existing for a million years but ever spawning life, and some like this universe, able to sustain material, chemical, biological, psychological, and eventually, cultural evolution over cosmological time.
If all substances and processes can be accounted for naturalistically, one can go further than saying gods are not needed. Perhaps one can say that the involvement of a god in this universe is impossible. Is a god possible in the melting of ice? The process can be explained without a god, but what I'm asking is how a god could possibly be involved anyway. To do what? Push the water molecules off the ice cube and allow them to run and evaporate?
So, yes, the need for deities has been steadily declining for centuries now, and that is what is meant by the God of the gaps.
If there are no gaps, then the nature can be explained without introducing the idea of God.
Yep. That's why those gaps are so precious to so many.
God isn't about the how, it's about the why. And science can't answer the why.
Neither can religion, if by answer we mean more than an unevidenced claim involving unevidenced gods and their purposes and intentions. Science says, "We won't guess." Religion says, "No problem. Hold my beer."
So, how does one demonstrate for you the legitimacy of these questions:
1. Why does anything exist? (Why do I exist?)
2. Why am I aware of myself existing?
3. Why does existing involve suffering and death?
Are you suggesting that we should simply not ask these questions because we don't have any answers for them that can be "demonstrated" scientifically?
Ask, yes. Answer, no.
They're questions worthy of consideration, but religion offers no answers better than guesses. What value is that? Why call guesses answers? The questions reman unanswered even after the guessing. To those who say God did it because it pleased Him, I can say Norm did it because [insert fiction here] with no more or less explanatory or predictive power.
Just as the OP is trying to preserve a valuable role for his deity, so too are you trying to imply a valuable role for religion, although I think that you don't call you god beliefs religion.
And this comes full circle to your thread on scientism, or the claim that some people put too much reliance on empiricism for answers. I realized by the time that thread was a few dozen pages long that my complaint was the opposite - the excessive reliance on some in methods that generate nothing, and the repeated mantra that there are things that exist that science cannot detect. I'd like to call that antiscientsm. It's what allows people to just say whatever they wish were true absent any evidence, and condemn science for not being up to the task of finding their imagined realms and their denizens. It's excessive reliance on guessing. And it generates no knowledge.
What's the sine qua non of a wrong idea, apart from contradictory evidence (Bob is dead. No he isn't- look!)? What the difference between astrology and astronomy that accounts for why one is considered a wrong idea and the other correct? Wrong ideas don't work. Astrologers are guessing, and generate nothing of value in the process. Astronomers are observing and generalizing using mathematics that allow the accurate prediction of a lunar eclipse, for example. Religion is in that first category. I generates no answers, just like astrology.