I am interested. Are these occurrences a product of a group's or an individual's views, or are these moreso random acts of violence?
Sorry, mate...took me a while to get to this. I often post from my phone, and I just couldn't drum up the enthusiasm for story time on a phone. Much prefer hammering away at a keyboard, where my words can keep up with my thoughts (more or less).
So, 2 examples that sprang to mind. One is possibly 'random violence', but I'm not convinced. The other certainly wasn't, I believe.
1. In Papua New Guinea, locals can hunt sea turtles for food (at least, they could when I was living there). I lived in an extremely remote part of PNG (worked for a logging company...!) but I was in the nearest town one month to get some groceries. A group of 4-5 young men had caught a turtle. It was alive, and distressed as they kind of dragged it around with ropes. They were laughing as they used their bush knives (machetes) to cut pieces off it's flippers. I had the 'pleasure' of seeing a lot of animal cruelty while I was up there. The guy I was with wasn't having any of that, so he jumped out of his car and I followed. 2 of us, both unarmed, at least 4 of them, all armed with machetes. It quicky devolved into a yelling match, and they killed the turtle, at which time we left. They were doing this on the main street, and no-one was making any comments. So...random violence? Maybe. It was accepted, though, at least where I lived. The turtle was going to die and be eaten, and I killed animals for food up there too (mostly seafood). And I was working for a timber company chopping rainforest timber, so I'm not claiming some moral highground in general. But on this particular occasion I did try and enforce my views as best I was able, since I thought they were more correct.
2) Also in PNG. I was teaching at a single teacher school. Between 8 and 13 students (I taught there a bit over a year) at the same remote location. Youngest were 5 years old, oldest was 15.
I became aware that a small group of my students were detouring on the way home from school to pass near a hermit's house. He suffered from dwarfism, and had been shunned by the local communities, although it can be simplistic to assume it was just because of dwarfism. Still...it was almost certainly the major factor.
They would pause at the house, and throw rocks at both the building and the man.
I found out, and read them the riot act (I'm pretty controlled and calm, actually, but by my standards it was a quite discussion). I then walked the two main instigators home (they were brothers) and spoke to the parents about it. Whilst the father (who was Australian) was somewhat apologetic (to me, not to the target...) the mother had quite a different view. She was full-blooded PNG, and thought it was sensible to keep the hermit scared, since 'everyone knows he's a sorcerer'. I decided not to engage on that, and instead took the route that my job was to prepare her sons for Australian schools, and that behaviour would not fly in Australia (Editors Note : at least, not unless they went to a fancy boys school...ahem...)
I also said they wouldn't be welcome in my school if they continued to undertake either unprovoked violence, or initiated any sort of bullying. The boys were actually nice kids. They were pretty wild, and had been taught that this hermit was a subhuman, and worth both derision and almost pre-emptive violence, lest he decide he could hang around the community.
I have a bunch more examples from PNG. They are simply more stark than examples from Australia, as it's often in the mixing of different beliefs and cultures that you get this cognitive dissonance.
(oh...the 'fancy boys school' comment. It's odious in the extreme, but this was a pretty big story here recently in case you're interested :
Full list of Shore School’s challenges revealed)