Speaking from my own background, for those who have immersed themselves in the Islamic esoteric tradition, there is no conflict whatsoever between these statements of Jesus expressing this kind of 'high Christology' and the theology of Islam. When we look at texts such as the Gospel of John—and it is depressing that Christianity has taken such a route where this kind of interpretation in is diminished—the best interpretation, I think, is one along Neoplatonic lines. Take for example, the opening to the first chapter of John:
In the beginning was the Word [logos], and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was with God in the beginning. Through him all things were made; without him nothing was made that has been made. In him was life, and that life was the light of all mankind. The light shines in the darkness, and the darkness has not overcome it [...] The true light that gives light to everyone was coming into the world. He was in the world, and [...] the world was made through him [...] The Word became flesh and made his dwelling among us. We have seen his glory, the glory of the one and only Son, who came from the Father, full of grace and truth.
What is being expressed here, rather than the kind of incarnationist Trinitarianism being propagated by Christians today is actually a lot more nuanced and, really, a very succinct Neoplatonist restatement of Genesis 1 where God, the One, originates the
nous ("the one and only Son,
who came from the Father"), which is a synonym to
logos, and which in turn creates all things ("the world was made through him.") In Arabic, the word is
al-'Aql.
When Jesus is speaking in such terms, calling himself the way, the only way, etc., etc., he is not speaking in his own name or as an individual but as what Henry Corbin calls "the Eternal Imām." He is attesting to an eternal spiritual reality which is manifest in all the prophets of God. Thus the Qur'an says, "We make no distinction between any of His messengers" (2:285). Esoteric Islam, as such, has no problem with this kind of stuff. For example, in Imām 'Alī's
Khuṭba al-bayān he he makes many of these kind of "I am ..." statements that are found in the Gospels.