1. What does it believe as far as self-discipline? That's one of the potential aspects that attracts me to it.
Yes, self-discipline. I think my fellow Buddhists didn't quite get what you were saying with regards to this. Heres some quotes from the Buddha himself on the matter which I think address your inquiry.
"Thus you should go about self-governed, mindful; governed by the cosmos, masterful, absorbed in concentration."
-- the Buddha [Adhipateyya Sutta]
"Oneself, indeed, is one's savior, for what other savior could there be? With oneself well-controlled one obtains a savior difficult to find."
-- the Buddha [Dhammapada 160]
"No one saves us but ourselves. No one can and no one may. We ourselves must walk the path."
-- the Buddha
"Do not believe in anything simply because you have heard it. Do not believe in anything simply because it is spoken and rumored by many. Do not believe in anything simply because it is found written in your religious books. Do not believe in anything merely on the authority of your teachers and elders. Do not believe in traditions because they have been handed down for many generations. But after observation and analysis, when you find that anything agrees with reason and is conducive to the good and benefit of one and all, then accept it and live up to it."
-- the Buddha [Kalama Sutta]
2. Is it really a kind of agnosticism? Forgive my ignorance, but if I don't ask it I'll never know.
No, the Buddha is not an ignorant man, he is "a knower of the cosmos, wise, a sage unfashioned with regard to all things."
"The Tathagata [Buddha] sees the Universe face to face and understands its nature."
The Buddha explicitly stated many times throughout scripture that there is no God and condemns belief in God, but he does say that there exists what he calls Universal Mind.
"Universal Mind (Alaya-vijnana) transcends all individuation and limits. Universal Mind is thoroughly pure in its essential nature, subsisting unchanged and free from faults of impermanence, undisturbed by egoism, unruffled by distinctions, desires and aversions.
Universal Mind is like a great ocean, its surface ruffled by waves and surges but its depths remaining forever unmoved. In itself it is devoid of personality and all that belongs to it, but by reason of the defilements upon its face it is like an actor a plays a variety of parts, among which a mutual functioning takes place and the mind-system arises."
-- the Buddha [Lankavatara Sutra]
3. What are the ideas concerning Dharma?
Most have covered it quite well already, but I will expand on it.
Dharma is the teachings of the Buddha, Dharma is the governing laws of the Universe, and the Buddha is the embodiment of Dharma, the Dharmakaya.
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