- There is almost universal agreement among specialists that earths primordial atmosphere contained no methane, ammonia or hydrogen-"reducing" gases. Rather, most evolutionists now believe it contained carbon dioxide and nitrogen. Miller-type sparking experiments will not work with those gases in the absence of reducing gases.
The atmosphere contained free oxygen, which would destroy organic compounds. Oxygen would be produced by photo dissociation of water vapor.
This is false. The current evidence indicates that the earth's early atmosphere a mildly reducing one, full of methane, ammonia, hydrogen and water vapor.
See: -Kasting, J. F. 1993. Earth's early atmosphere.
Science 259: 920-926.
-Tian, F., O. B. Toon, A. A. Pavlov and H. De Sterck. 2005. A hydrogen-rich early Earth atmosphere.
Science 308: 1014-1017.
-Chyba, C. F. 2005. Rethinking Earth's early atmosphere.
Science 308: 962-963
I think I already mentioned earlier that the dominant scientific view is that earth's early atmosphere contained about 0.1% of oxygen, or less. Free oxygen in our atmosphere today is mainly the result of photosynthesis so it follows that before photosynthetic plants and bacteria appeared, we should expect to find little oxygen in the atmosphere, because there would be no source for it.
Furthermore, there are a wide variety of environments that favor the production of amino acids, not simply the one produced in one of the Miller-Urey experiments.
2. Catch-22: if there was no oxygen there would be no ozone, so ultraviolet light would destroy biochemicals. Also, the hydrogen cyanide polymerization that is alleged to lead to adenine can occur only in the presence of oxygen (see Eastman et al., Exploring the Structure of a Hydrogen Cyanide Polymer by Electron Spin Resonance and Scanning Force Microscopy, Scanning 2:1924, p. 20)
"When simple organic molecules are held together in a fairly concentrated area, such as stuck to a dust or ice grain, the UV light actually enhances the formation of more complex molecules by breaking some bonds and allowing the molecules to recombine (Bernstein et al. 1999; Cooper et al. 2001). DNA and RNA are relatively resistant to UV light, because some parts of the molecules shelter others and damage to the bases can provide the materials to repair the backbone. UV light gives nucleic acids a selective advantage and may in fact have been an essential ingredient for abiogenesis (Mulkidjanian et al. 2003; Mullen 2003).
Furthermore:
"The molecules need not all have stayed exposed to UV for long. Some would have dissolved in oceans and lakes. In one proposed scenario, the complex organic molecules form in the deep ocean around geothermal vents, well away from ultraviolet light."
CB030.1: UV effect on early molecules
3. All energy sources that produce the biochemicals destroy them even faster! The MillerUrey experiments used strategically designed traps to isolate the biochemicals as soon as they were formed so the sparks/UV did not destroy them. Without the traps, even the tiny amounts obtained would not have been formed.
Umm, biochemicals are formed in the lab all the time.
What happened in that particular Miller-Urey experiment was that the amino acids stuck to the glass of the beaker. This is an easily repeatable experiment. What's the problem?
4. Biochemicals would react with each other or with inorganic chemicals. Sugars (and other carbonyl (>C=O) compounds) react destructively with amino acids (and other amino (NH2) compounds), but both must be present for a cell to form.
Well gee, I would hope that biochemicals would react with each other or with inorganic chemicals.
The current scientific view is that the formation of the cell would have happened long after the formation of life though scientists aren't exactly sure how or when. So What's the problem?
5. No geological evidence has been found anywhere on earth for the alleged primordial soup. See "Primeval soup failed paradigm"
I'm not so sure this is the prevailing view, but so what if it hasn't been found. Does anyone really think that the conditions currently present on earth should be identical to those found on the earth billions of years ago?
How about maybe, the ocean?
6. Depolymerisation is much faster than polymerisation.
Sometimes it is, sometimes it isn't. If it wasn't true, life would be impossible.
Water is a poor medium for condensation polymerisation. Polymers will hydrolyse in water over geological time. Condensing agents (water absorbing chemicals) require acid conditions and they could not accumulate in water. Heating to evaporate water tends to destroy some vital amino acids, racemise all the amino acids, and requires geologically unrealistic conditions. Besides, heating amino acids with other gunk produced by Miller experiments would destroy them. See "Origin of Life: The Polymerization Problem."
Amino acids are produced and accumulate in a wide variety of natural
environments including those that have been found elsewhere in our solar system. Hmmmm ...
7. Polymerisation requires bifunctional molecules (can combine with two others), and is stopped by a small fraction of unifunctional molecules (can combine with only one other, thus blocking one end of the growing chain). Miller experiments produce five times more unifunctional molecules than functional molecules. See "Origin of Life: The Polymerization Problem."
So? What do you think this means?
8. Sugars are destroyed quickly after the reaction (formose) which is supposed to have formed them. Also, the alkaline conditions needed to form sugars are incompatible with acid conditions required to form polypeptides with condensing agents. See "The RNA World: A Critique."
Obviously there are some conditions under which sugar can form, otherwise, there would be no sugar. So this doesn't appear to be a universal law which appears to be the assertion here.
9. Long time periods do not help the evolutionary theory if biochemical are destroyed faster than they are formed (cf. points 4, 7, & 9).
Except that we know that biochemicals aren't actually destroyed faster than they're formed.
And who argues that we need long time periods to explain abiogenesis?
10. Not all of the necessary building blocks are formed; e.g. ribose and cytosine are hard to form and are very unstable. See "Origin of life: Instability of building blocks."
Under which conditions is he referring, because obviously they do form and are stable under some conditions.
Furthermore, if both ribose and cytosine are
always hard to form and
always very unstable (which they aren't), the continuance of life would be impossible. [/quote]
That's all I am going to do for now. This is pretty tedious. I would suggest in the future, not just cutting and pasting nonsense from creationist websites, especially when those creationists seem to be under the impression that the theory of evolution is synonymous with the origins of life, which of course, it isn't. Safarti's above claims have been refuted all over the internet, you can read those.