If Buddha never taught Hinduism, then how can Buddhism have ever been a branch of Hinduism?Crossfire, kindly note (and if you have any doubts, kindly go through my posts), I never said that Buddha taught Hinduism. Buddha taught 'dhamma' which is not different from Hindu 'dharma'.
All of this is still quite different from Buddhism's Process-based focus on dependent co-arising.And who said Brahman is substance? Brahman is not definable. It is not this as well as not that ('Neti-neti'). Substance also is Brahman and non-substance also is Brahman. A RigVeda line which I quote frequently is 'Sages who searched with their heart's thought discovered the existent's kinship in the non-existent.' (Rig Veda: Rig-Veda, Book 10: HYMN CXXIX. Creation.). The hymn categorically says that 'The Gods are later than this world's production. Who knows then whence it first came into being?' Brahman is like physical energy (the closest I can describe it), substance as well as non-substance. Atman means 'This Self' as well as 'That Self'. They are not two selves but only one, 'Eko sad, Dwiteeyo nasti' (What exists is one, there is no second). It does not mean 'This Soul' and 'God'.
Gita was most likely written after Buddha was around teaching, no? Did Buddha ever quote it?The non-dual awareness in Hinduism also is just that. A few examples from BhagawadGita:
"The humble sages, by virtue of true knowledge, see with equal vision a learned and gentle brāhmaṇa, a cow, an elephant, a dog and an outcaste." Gita 5.18
"Those who are seers of the truth have concluded that of the nonexistent [the material body] there is no endurance and of the eternal [Brahman] there is no change. This they have concluded by studying the nature of both." Gita 2.16
"One who neither hates nor desires the fruits of his activities is known to be always renounced. Such a person, free from all dualities, easily overcomes material bondage and is completely liberated, O mighty-armed Arjuna." Gita 5.3
"A person who neither rejoices upon achieving something pleasant nor laments upon obtaining something unpleasant, who is self-intelligent, who is unbewildered, and who knows Brahman is already situated in transcendence." Gita 5.20
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