I'm just gonna echo what I have already pointed out before:
I kind of put the Islamic "golden age" into the category of the 'Age of the Barbarians'. After the fall of Rome, Europe was in a weaken state of internal strife, and the Muslims merely took advantage of it as did other barbarians, (i.e. the Vikings, Franks, Visigoths, etc). With historians like Voltaire (a known critic towards the Catholic Church), were always quick to point out the contrasts between a weakened Western Civilization and Islam which was basically where this 'Islamic golden age' narrative came from.
During this time 750-1260AD, the rise of Islam was due to constant battles and war with Europe and the now extinct Sassanid Empire. Historically, Muslims dominated 1/3 of the Mediterranean and put it's conquered cultures under heavy submission or death; and culminated a monopoly in slavery, a not largely known fact that Muslims captured over a million European Christians and brought them into the slave quarters of Islam.
And slavery of children still openly exists in some Muslims countries today.
The reason why Islam had a "golden age" was because they conquered a lot of territory and would bring intellectuals from all different cultures together. There were some good things that happened when these different cultures were brought together, by force as it were, in Iraq.
One of the things that came out of the golden age was the philosophy that there is no cause-and-effect, and that there are no natural laws. Pretty pseudo-scientific thinking considering science is based on the search for natural laws and is based upon cause-and-effect.
Another aspect of what was supposed to be so good about this Islamic golden age was they preserved all the Greek and Roman material. They did not preserve it at all! They only preserved certain parts of it which was useful for them. T
hey didn't save any of the literature or the art. And as a matter of fact, they destroyed 90% of what they found. Why is that saving 10% of the intellectual treasure of the classical period called a golden age? What are we to call the Greek and Romans who preserved 100% of it?
When one critically looks at the history of Islam you quickly see a pattern of another conquest epic, which revisions of history deem as the same as a golden age.