Here's some reading for you. I looked at this stuff for a law school activity I'm working on.
Here is the current version of the Standards of Care (The World Professional Association for Transgender Health's Standards of Care for Gender Identity Disorders articulate our organization's professional consensus about the psychiatric, psychological, medical, and surgical management of gender identity disorders. Professionals may use this document to understand the parameters within which they may offer assistance to those with these problems. This document may also assist you with your research and understanding of the current thinking of professionals.):
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http://wpath.org/Documents2/socv6.pdf (see pp. 8 - 11 for discussion of medical interventions for youth. In particular, the standards state that Any surgical intervention should not be carried out prior to adulthood, or prior to a real-life experience of at least two years in the gender role of the sex with which the adolescent identifies. The threshold of 18 should be seen as an eligibility criterion and not an indication in itself for active intervention.).
Here are a few other resources that might be helpful:
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http://www.thetaskforce.org/downloads/reports/reports/TransgenderEquality.pdf (this document has a lot of helpful basic information about transgender and transsexual people, and how transgender issues are different from, but nonetheless related to, issues related to sexual orientation).
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Transgender youth - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (noting that obtaining sex reassignment surgery prior to the age of 18 is almost impossible in most countries).
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http://www.actforyouth.net/documents/GrowingUpTransPt1_March08.pdf
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Transgender Emergence: Therapeutic ... - Google Book Search