To a large extent, that is true. Debts are sometimes forgiven, which shows up in both the Tanakh and NT, for examples.
Basically, money is a form of IOU that people recognize as such, although not always. Therefore, "debt" also falls into that category, thus subject to agreement to pay back, which doesn't always happen.
Thus, if a federal government were to say "We will eliminate all debt accumulated from a specific previous time period", they could do that but there would be some very serious implications, such as a probably drying up of any new investments. But still, in some cases it may be best done because the alternatives could hypothetically be worse.
But now I'm "preaching to the choir" as I was just posting this to support your position.
People who have more money than they need to live will NEVER stop investing it because in and of itself, "extra" money is useless. So this threat that investment will stop if investing involves risk, is bogus. And "debt" is just a presumption of investment without assuming risk. Which is why most "debt" (loans) should be defined out of existence, and replaced with the label of "investment", including the requisite presumption of risk. Not all, but most.
Rich people want everyone else to believe that when they invest their 'extra' money, that it MUST be returned to them with interest, as if it were a "loan", or the system will totally collapse, and the sky will fall on all humanity. And the rest of us idiots tend to fall for it. But in fact, their 'extra' money SHOULD be presumed an investment, and not a loan, and SHOULD be presumed to be at risk. Because if the investment fails, all they've lost is their 'extra' money. They suffer no real consequence. Whereas the attempt to force repayment of capital in a failed investment causes great harm to everyone else, and if carried too far WILL result in economic collapse.
We need to recognize that there are two economies, here: the production/consumption economy, and the predatory investment economy. If the production/consumption economy collapses, that's very bad for everyone. But if the predatory investment economy 'collapses' due to catastrophically failed investment (like an economy hit by a plague), then all that's been lost is a lot of 'extra' money. Unless we allow the people who lost all that 'extra' money to try and force everyone else to re-generate it and pay it back to them (as if it were a loan).
This is one of the lessons I'd like to see us learn from this event, but I doubt that we'll learn anything from it.